2002—2022年滇缅边境小额贸易特点及发展研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.09.20230652

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

云南是我国推进“一带一路”建设的前沿地带之一，滇缅边境贸易是中缅两国之间进行经济交往与文化交流的重要途径。本文运用地理分布集中度等指标，分析2002—2022年滇缅边境贸易的发展特点及商品结构。结果表明：①滇缅边境小额贸易规模在研究期间不断扩大，其中，2013年和2015年贸易额大幅增长， 2019—2021年间贸易额则呈现下降趋势；②滇缅边境小额贸易额占云南边境贸易额的比重不断提高，云南边境贸易的地理分布集中度不断提高，滇缅贸易逐渐成为云南边境的主要双边贸易；③云南从缅甸进口的商品集中度一直高于出口商品集中度；出口商品集中于工业产品，进口商品则集中于初级产品；④ 滇缅边境小额贸易发展的促进因素主要包括国家政策的支持、口岸设施的优化及区位优势；制约因素主要包括产业基础和基础设施薄弱，以及其他非经济因素等。

关键词: “一带一路”倡议, 滇缅边境, 边境贸易, 商品结构, 发展建议

Abstract:

Yunnan is one of the frontiers in promoting the construction of China's "One Belt, One Road", and Yunnan-Myanmar border trade is an important way for economic and cultural exchanges between the two countries. This paper aims to analyze the development characteristics and commodity structure of the Yunnan-Myanmar border trade from 2002 to 2022. The analysis will be conducted using methods such as the geographic concentration of international distribution of imports and exports， degree of commodity concentration of imports and exports， and the intra-industry trade index. The results show that ① The scale of Yunnan-Myanmar border trade has been expanding during the period of 2002-2022， with a significant increase in trade volume in 2013 and 2017， and a declining trend in trade volume during the periods of 2014-2015 and 2019-2021. ② The value of Yunnan-Myanmar border trade accounts for an increasing proportion of the value of Yunnan’s overall border trade， indicating a growing geographic concentration of international distribution of imports and exports between Yunnan and Myanmar. ③ The majority of categories of commodities traded in the Yunnan-Myanmar border small trade has strong inter-industry trade complementarities. The degree of commodity concentration of Yunnan's imports from Myanmar has consistently been higher than that of its exports， indicating a higher homogeneity of imported goods and a concentration of exported goods in industrial products and imported goods in primary products. ④ Most categories of commodities traded in the Yunnan-Myanmar border trade have strong inter-industry trade complementarity. In conclusion, this article points out the deficiencies in the development of Yunnan-Myanmar border trade and proposes relevant suggestions for improvement.

Key words: the Belt and Road Initiative, Yunnan-Myanmar, border trade, commodity structure, development suggestions

刘央, 黄银洲, 孙治, 朱国栋. 2002—2022年滇缅边境小额贸易特点及发展研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2025, 34(9): 29-40.

Yang LIU, Yinzhou HUANG, Zhi SUN, Guodong ZHU. Study on the characteristics and development of Yunnan-Myanmar border trade from 2002 to 2022[J]. World Regional Studies, 2025, 34(9): 29-40.

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边境小额贸易	年份	缅甸		老挝		越南
边境小额贸易	年份	贸易额/万美元	占比/%	贸易额/万美元	占比/%	贸易额/万美元	占比/%
云南出口	2002	5 361.11	58.588	199.49	2.180	3 522.47	38.495
	2012	31 930.42	66.227	1 803.21	3.740	14 365.19	29.795
	2022	63 777.87	85.116	1 757.54	2.346	9 395.09	12.538
云南进口	2002	9 796.48	80.993	490.54	4.056	1 578.48	13.050
	2012	60 473.93	81.426	8 380.61	11.284	5 407.39	7.281
	2022	175 092.66	95.903	1 050.14	0.575	6 391.33	3.501
云南进出口	2002	15 157.60	71.343	690.04	3.248	5 100.95	24.009
	2012	92 404.35	75.443	10 183.83	8.315	19 772.59	16.143
	2022	238 870.53	92.764	2 807.68	1.09	15 786.42	6.131

边境小额贸易	年份	缅甸		老挝		越南
边境小额贸易	年份	贸易额/万美元	占比/%	贸易额/万美元	占比/%	贸易额/万美元	占比/%
云南出口	2002	5 361.11	58.588	199.49	2.180	3 522.47	38.495
	2012	31 930.42	66.227	1 803.21	3.740	14 365.19	29.795
	2022	63 777.87	85.116	1 757.54	2.346	9 395.09	12.538
云南进口	2002	9 796.48	80.993	490.54	4.056	1 578.48	13.050
	2012	60 473.93	81.426	8 380.61	11.284	5 407.39	7.281
	2022	175 092.66	95.903	1 050.14	0.575	6 391.33	3.501
云南进出口	2002	15 157.60	71.343	690.04	3.248	5 100.95	24.009
	2012	92 404.35	75.443	10 183.83	8.315	19 772.59	16.143
	2022	238 870.53	92.764	2 807.68	1.09	15 786.42	6.131

年份	出口	进口	年份	出口	进口	年份	出口	进口
2002	70.136	82.138	2009	73.132	74.452	2016	88.659	80.558
2003	68.931	82.233	2010	73.131	77.366	2017	87.557	75.030
2004	68.391	81.251	2011	72.885	73.832	2018	91.908	83.440
2005	71.724	82.244	2012	72.717	82.526	2019	94.274	82.314
2006	73.189	65.294	2013	79.030	79.453	2020	86.277	88.082
2007	70.005	65.940	2014	72.394	77.897	2021	78.841	88.286
2008	68.756	76.779	2015	86.111	79.688	2022	86.066	95.969

年份	出口	进口	年份	出口	进口	年份	出口	进口
2002	70.136	82.138	2009	73.132	74.452	2016	88.659	80.558
2003	68.931	82.233	2010	73.131	77.366	2017	87.557	75.030
2004	68.391	81.251	2011	72.885	73.832	2018	91.908	83.440
2005	71.724	82.244	2012	72.717	82.526	2019	94.274	82.314
2006	73.189	65.294	2013	79.030	79.453	2020	86.277	88.082
2007	70.005	65.940	2014	72.394	77.897	2021	78.841	88.286
2008	68.756	76.779	2015	86.111	79.688	2022	86.066	95.969

年份	出口	进口	年份	出口	进口	年份	出口	进口
2002	34.716	74.792	2009	37.703	52.151	2016	49.371	67.222
2003	36.839	77.862	2010	40.913	53.578	2017	48.888	75.574
2004	38.873	77.489	2011	42.619	56.489	2018	51.656	70.742
2005	42.790	75.560	2012	42.487	54.118	2019	52.013	78.228
2006	43.341	65.842	2013	50.651	60.338	2020	44.694	68.661
2007	39.934	54.468	2014	53.363	61.963	2021	38.276	60.665
2008	37.218	49.749	2015	47.936	57.265	2022	38.589	54.545