The spatial characteristics and influencing factors of cultural and tourism PPP projects in China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2026.01.20240487

Abstract

Abstract:

The spatial distribution characteristics of cultural and tourism Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects were analyzed using methods of nearest neighbor index, geographic concentration index, kernel density estimation, and global Moran index comprehensively. Furtherly, the spatial distribution characteristics influencing factors were explored using geographic detectors. The research results show that, ① The spatial agglomeration characteristic is significant, and the spatial distribution heterogeneity is prominent, the quantity and density in the eastern region are greater than those in the western; ② The distribution is imbalanced both from the national and geographical zone perspectives; ③ The spatial distribution presents a hierarchical multi core diffusion structure, with dual core areas, ring core extension group, and sheet aggregation area; ④The spatial distribution has a positive correlation, with scattered distribution of hot spots, concentrated distribution of cold spots, and staggered distribution of cold and hot spots; ⑤ The spatial distribution is influenced by multiple factors. Cultural and tourism resources are the resource support for projects, with the most significant impact. The local government's PPP governance ability shapes the distribution pattern by influencing the initiation and implementation of projects. The relatively tight financial situation of local governments is the direct incentive for initiating projects. The comprehensive effect of economic and other factors has a long-term impact on the spatial distribution of projects.

Key words: PPP projects, spatial distribution, cultural tourism, integration of culture and tourism, influence factors

摘要：

本研究运用最邻近指数、地理集中指数、核密度估计、全局莫兰指数等方法探究中国文旅类PPP项目的空间特征，并通过地理探测器剖析空间特征的主要影响因素。结果显示：①文旅类PPP项目的空间集聚特征显著，空间分布的异质性突出，总体呈“东多西少、东密西疏”的空间格局。②在全国尺度和七大地理分区尺度下，项目分布均具有非均衡性。③空间分布呈现层级化多核扩散结构，即“双核心区-环核延伸群-片状集聚区”的分布格局。④文旅类PPP项目空间分布存在正相关性，呈现热点区分散分布、冷点区集中分布、冷点和热点区交错分布的空间格局。⑤文旅类PPP项目空间分布受到多种因素的共同影响。文旅资源禀赋是文旅类PPP项目空间分布的资源依托，其影响最为显著；地方政府PPP治理能力通过影响项目的发起和实施塑造其空间格局；地方政府相对紧张的财政状况成为项目发起的直接诱因；经济发展水平与其他因素综合作用，对文旅类PPP项目的空间特征产生长期深层次影响。

关键词: PPP项目, 空间特征, 文化旅游, 文旅融合, 影响因素

Qian LIU, Xiuwei WANG. The spatial characteristics and influencing factors of cultural and tourism PPP projects in China[J]. World Regional Studies, 2026, 35(1): 185-198.

刘倩, 王秀伟. 中国文化和旅游类PPP项目的空间特征及影响因素分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2026, 35(1): 185-198.

Figures/Tables 8

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因素	具体指标	指标描述
经济发展水平	X₁经济基础	人均GDP/元
	X₂投资需求	固定资产投资额/亿元
	X₃资金实力	金融机构本外币各项存款余额/亿元
文旅资源禀赋	X₄文化资源	国家级非物质文化遗产数量/个
文旅资源禀赋	X₅旅游资源	A级以上景区数量/个
地方财政状况	X₆财政收入	一般公共预算收入/亿元
	X₇财政支出	一般公共预算支出/亿元
	X₈债务水平	地方政府债务余额/亿元
政府PPP治理能力	X₉项目数量	PPP项目成交数量/个
政府PPP治理能力	X₁₀项目质量	国家级示范PPP项目数/个

因素	具体指标	指标描述
经济发展水平	X₁经济基础	人均GDP/元
	X₂投资需求	固定资产投资额/亿元
	X₃资金实力	金融机构本外币各项存款余额/亿元
文旅资源禀赋	X₄文化资源	国家级非物质文化遗产数量/个
文旅资源禀赋	X₅旅游资源	A级以上景区数量/个
地方财政状况	X₆财政收入	一般公共预算收入/亿元
	X₇财政支出	一般公共预算支出/亿元
	X₈债务水平	地方政府债务余额/亿元
政府PPP治理能力	X₉项目数量	PPP项目成交数量/个
政府PPP治理能力	X₁₀项目质量	国家级示范PPP项目数/个

影响因素	具体指标	具体指标q值	P值	权重	影响因素q值
经济发展水平	X₁经济基础	0.033	0.931	0.142 0	0.350 3
	X₂投资需求	0.391	0.046	0.037 5
	X₃资金实力	0.334	0.088	0.173 9
文旅资源禀赋	X₄文化资源	0.453	0.019	0.080 4	0.626 1
文旅资源禀赋	X₅旅游资源	0.733	0.000	0.100 2	0.626 1
地方财政状况	X₆财政收入	0.407	0.037	0.036 6	0.499 5
	X₇财政支出	0.524	0.006	0.096 8
	X₈债务水平	0.545	0.004	0.046 8
政府PPP治理能力	X₉项目数量	0.535	0.006	0.166 7	0.531 0
政府PPP治理能力	X₁₀项目质量	0.527	0.006	0.119 1	0.531 0

影响因素	具体指标	具体指标q值	P值	权重	影响因素q值
经济发展水平	X₁经济基础	0.033	0.931	0.142 0	0.350 3
	X₂投资需求	0.391	0.046	0.037 5
	X₃资金实力	0.334	0.088	0.173 9
文旅资源禀赋	X₄文化资源	0.453	0.019	0.080 4	0.626 1
文旅资源禀赋	X₅旅游资源	0.733	0.000	0.100 2	0.626 1
地方财政状况	X₆财政收入	0.407	0.037	0.036 6	0.499 5
	X₇财政支出	0.524	0.006	0.096 8
	X₈债务水平	0.545	0.004	0.046 8
政府PPP治理能力	X₉项目数量	0.535	0.006	0.166 7	0.531 0
政府PPP治理能力	X₁₀项目质量	0.527	0.006	0.119 1	0.531 0

	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉	X₁₀
X₁	0.033	■	■	■	■	■	■	■	■	■
X₂	0.715	0.391	■	▲	▲	▲	▲	▲	▲	▲
X₃	0.520	0.821	0.334	▲	▲	▲	▲	▲	▲	▲
X₄	0.848	0.660	0.792	0.453	▲	▲	▲	▲	▲	▲
X₅	0.907	0.835	0.923	0.912	0.733	▲	▲	▲	▲	▲
X₆	0.599	0.770	0.517	0.770	0.913	0.407	▲	▲	▲	▲
X₇	0.813	0.676	0.767	0.797	0.841	0.755	0.524	▲	▲	▲
X₈	0.785	0.699	0.741	0.768	0.883	0.732	0.75	0.545	▲	▲
X₉	0.727	0.853	0.858	0.864	0.881	0.879	0.864	0.816	0.535	▲
X₁₀	0.902	0.821	0.852	0.824	0.859	0.871	0.845	0.721	0.880	0.527