Abstract:

Hukou-residence separation is a unique phenomenon under China's household registration system, and has become an important force in the reshaping of urban spatial structure since the reform and opening up. Based on the data of population censuses in 2010 and 2020 of Lanzhou city, the population separated from households is classified into three types according to the place of household registration: Hukou-residence separated population in the municipal district, intra-provincial migrant and inter-provincial migrant. The spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors are analyzed by means of spatial autocorrelation, differentiation index and spatial regression model. The results show that: ① Between 2010 and 2020, the size of the Hukou-residence separated population continued to grow with spatial agglomeration characteristics. The Hukou-residence separated population in the municipal district gathered in the central urban area, forming a "multi-center" structure with Xigu and Chengguan districts gradually spreading to the edges; The intra-provincial migrant gradually gathered in the central urban area to the national new districts, development zones and administrative centers in the outer suburbs; The inter-provincial migrant gathered from the central city to the suburban's development zone. ② From the point of view of the differentiation index, the spatial differentiation between the population with the same household and the inter-provincial migrant was the largest, the spatial differentiation between the Hukou-residence separated population in the municipal district in the urban area was the second largest, the spatial differentiation between the intra-provincial migrant was smallest. ③ There were significant differences in the influencing factors of the spatial distribution of different types of the Hukou-residence separated population. Hukou-residence separated population in the municipal district was mainly affected by educational facilities and greening level. The spatial distribution of the intra-provincial migrant in the province was more affected by employment opportunities and transportation facilities. inter-provincial migrant was affected by factors such as the level of urbanization and transportation facilities.

Key words: hukou-residence separated population, spatial distribution, influencing factors, spatial regression models, Lanzhou

摘要：

人户分离是中国户籍制度下特有的现象，成为改革开放以来城市空间结构得以重塑的重要驱动力。基于兰州市第六、第七次人口普查数据，本文将人户分离人口按照户口登记地分为市内人户分离人口、省内流动人口和省外流动人口3种类型，运用空间自相关、分异指数和空间回归模型等方法分析其空间分布特征及影响因素。结果表明：①2010—2020年人户分离人口规模持续增长，且呈现出空间集聚特征。市内人户分离人口在中心城区集聚，形成以西固、城关区为“双中心”逐步向边缘扩散的“多中心”结构；省内流动人口由中心城区逐步向远郊的国家级新区、开发区和行政中心集聚；省外流动人口则由中心城区向近郊的开发区集聚。②从分异指数来看，人户一致人口与省外流动人口的空间分异程度最大；与市内人户分离人口的空间分异程度次之；与省内流动人口的空间分异程度最小。③不同类型人户分离人口空间分布的影响因素存在显著差异。市内人户分离人口空间分布主要受教育设施和绿化水平的影响；省内流动人口的空间分布受就业机会和交通设施的影响更大；而省外流动人口受城市化水平和交通设施的影响更大。

关键词: 人户分离人口, 空间分异, 影响因素, 空间回归模型, 兰州