Abstract:

From the geo-setting elements, we analyze the characteristics of the natural geographical environment, geo-economic and cultural environment, geopolitic environment and traffic environment of the countries along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR) and their impact on China. The results show that: (1)The geographical environmental elements along the MSR have significant heterogeneity, and the spatial distribution of resources and economic development needs are dislocated, which lays the foundation for the orderly flow of resource elements between China and countries along the MSR. (2)The uneven and fragmented economic development levels along the MSR are conducive to promoting the integration and upgrading of China-led regional production networks and building an open and balanced economic system. (3)As the frontier of confrontation between "land power" countries and "sea power" countries and the strategic region of geopolitical games between countries with different political systems, the geopolitical environment along the MSR is grim. The complex game of great powers along the MSR forms containment and threats to China, and the fragmented and fragile geo-setting becomes an important source of geopolitical risks for China. (4)The shipping network of the MSR with China as the center of connectivity has been initially formed, and the infrastructure interconnection construction of the MSR has improved China's maritime channel security.The military control of the United States over most maritime throats and strategic fulcrums along the MSR and the intervention of the "Quad Alliance" of the United States, Japan, India and Australia have formed a strong military deterrent and constraint on China's shipping security, energy security and military security. In order to promote the construction of the MSR, China should deepen the alignment of political and economic development strategies with countries along the MSR route, promote geopolitical and geo-economic cooperation with major countries along the route, accelerate construction of new interconnection channels,and establish a warning and prevention mechanism for geo-risks.

Key words: geo-setting, geopolitic, geo-economic, China, 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR)

摘要：

从地缘环境要素出发，解析“21世纪海上丝绸之路”（MSR）沿线国家的自然地理环境、地缘经济文化环境、地缘政治环境、交通环境的特征及其对中国的影响。研究发现：①MSR沿线地理环境要素异质性显著，资源空间分布与经济发展需求错位，这为中国与MSR沿线国家资源要素的有序流动奠定基础。②MSR沿线经济发展水平的不均衡、碎片化特征，有利于推动中国主导的区域生产网络整合、升级和打造开放平衡的经济体系。③作为“陆权”国家和“海权”国家对抗争夺的前沿和不同政治体系国家地缘政治博弈的战略性地区，MSR沿线地缘政治环境态势严峻。MSR沿线复杂的大国博弈对中国形成遏制与威胁，破碎又脆弱的地缘环境成为中国地缘政治风险的重要来源。④以中国为联通中心的MSR航运网络已初步形成，MSR的基础设施互联互通建设提升了中国海上通道的安全性。美国对MSR沿线多数海运咽喉和战略支点的军事控制以及美日印澳“四国联盟”的干预，对中国航运安全、能源安全、军事安全形成军事威慑和掣肘。为更好地推进MSR建设，中国应深化同MSR沿线国家的政治经济发展战略对接，推进同沿线地区大国的政治与经济合作，加快新的互联互通大通道建设，构建地缘风险预警和防控机制。

关键词: 地缘环境, 地缘政治, 地缘经济, 中国, 21世纪海上丝绸之路（MSR）