康养旅游研究的国内外对比与展望

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.11.2021671

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

康养旅游作为大健康产业的重要组成部分，在保健、康复、疗养等方面发挥着重要作用。基于“Web of Science”和“中国知网”两大数据库，从研究领域、研究内容和研究方法等方面对国内外康养旅游研究情况进行对比分析。我国康养旅游研究起步晚、相关研究较为滞后，与我国蓬勃发展的康养旅游发展实践存在较大差距；基于国内外康养旅游研究的文献梳理，本文提出未来我国康养旅游研究应重点关注中国康养旅游理论体系建构、康养旅游者的动机差异与需求特征、康养旅游发展的要素构成与产品模式、康养旅游的功效评估、康养旅游介入地方的机制和社区发展等研究议题。

关键词: 康养旅游, 研究对比, 研究展望, 中国, 国外

Abstract:

As an important part of health industry, wellness tourism plays an important role in health care, rehabilitation and convalescence.Based on the two databases of "Web of Science" and "China National Knowledge Infrastructure", this paper makes a comparative analysis of the domestic and foreign wellness tourism study from research field, research content and research methods. The research on wellness tourism in China started late, and the related research lags behind, meanwhile, there is a big gap with the booming practice of wellness tourism in China. Based on the related literature review at home and abroad, this paper puts forward the future research topics, mainly include construction of the theoretical system of Chinese wellness tourism, motivation differences and demand characteristics of wellness tourists, factors and product models of wellness tourism development, evaluation of the effect of wellness tourism, as well as the mechanism of wellness tourism intervention in place and community development.

Key words: wellness tourism, comparative study, research prospect, China, overseas

朱冬芳, 钟林生, 虞虎. 康养旅游研究的国内外对比与展望[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(11): 167-180.

Dongfang ZHU, Linsheng ZHONG, Hu YU. Comparison and prospect of wellness tourism at home and abroad[J]. World Regional Studies, 2023, 32(11): 167-180.

图/表 4

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分歧内容	主要观点	代表文献
依托基础	自然生态环境（主要是物候条件）	[25]
	自然生态环境、文化环境	[26]
	自然生态环境、人文环境、文化环境	[24]
受众群体	老年人和亚健康人群	[27]
受众群体	所有人群	[25]
旅游目的	身心健康	[25]
	身体、心智和精神上达到和谐状态	[28]
	养老保健	[29]
旅游性质	旅游产品	[25]
旅游性质	旅游活动的总和	[28]

分歧内容	主要观点	代表文献
依托基础	自然生态环境（主要是物候条件）	[25]
	自然生态环境、文化环境	[26]
	自然生态环境、人文环境、文化环境	[24]
受众群体	老年人和亚健康人群	[27]
受众群体	所有人群	[25]
旅游目的	身心健康	[25]
	身体、心智和精神上达到和谐状态	[28]
	养老保健	[29]
旅游性质	旅游产品	[25]
旅游性质	旅游活动的总和	[28]

国家	康养旅游吸引物类型
西班牙	朝圣地、冥想中心
希腊	SPA、温泉、矿泉、疗养地、气候、健康检查、美容护理、泥疗、海水浴、疗养中心
法国	SPA度假村、朝圣地、海水浴
德国	SPA、盐疗、疗养地
加拿大	SPA、疗养地、泥疗、自然环境、瑜伽
美国	SPA、瑜伽、疗养地（中心）、自然环境、户外休闲运动
澳大利亚	SPA、泥疗、海水浴、疗养地
日本	SPA、温泉（度假村）
印度	瑜伽、冥想中心
泰国	水疗、按摩、禅修中心
中国台湾	SPA、海水浴

国家	康养旅游吸引物类型
西班牙	朝圣地、冥想中心
希腊	SPA、温泉、矿泉、疗养地、气候、健康检查、美容护理、泥疗、海水浴、疗养中心
法国	SPA度假村、朝圣地、海水浴
德国	SPA、盐疗、疗养地
加拿大	SPA、疗养地、泥疗、自然环境、瑜伽
美国	SPA、瑜伽、疗养地（中心）、自然环境、户外休闲运动
澳大利亚	SPA、泥疗、海水浴、疗养地
日本	SPA、温泉（度假村）
印度	瑜伽、冥想中心
泰国	水疗、按摩、禅修中心
中国台湾	SPA、海水浴

研究者	康养旅游产品/目的地	目的地属性/特征
Didascalou等	SPA/希腊	气候适宜、康养旅游资源丰富、旅游业基础良好
Heung等	康养旅游/中国大陆	①自然环境和安全性：空气新鲜、水质优良、环境优美、治安良好；②支持设施：优良的住宿设施和娱乐设施、便捷的交通、健康美食；③保健设施：优质的康养中心、治疗服务和职业医师、传统中医药
Lee等	温泉旅游/中国台湾	①安全性：环境安全、卫生标准、目的地的安全性；②交通设施：便捷的公共交通服务、充足的停车位、清晰的导览系统；③休闲娱乐：特别活动和节庆、季节性的娱乐活动、户外探险；④食物：季节性菜单产品、使用当地原材料的食谱、健康美食；⑤住宿：适当的住宿容量、亲近自然的舒适住宿环境；⑥自然资源：丰富的天然温泉、高级天然温泉、优美的自然景观
Rodrigue等	徒步旅游/葡萄牙	徒步路径信息、向导服务、不拥挤、宁静、难度低的步道、基础设施完善
Medina-Munoz等	SPA/西班牙	自然环境良好、放松的环境、康养中心、替代性治疗、体育活动