中国区域创新高地空间格局的多尺度分析——高新技术企业视角

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.12.20230051

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

科技创新进入空前密集活跃期，创新要素不断集聚，创新高地不断涌现，我国区域创新高地的空间格局已成为理论与实践关注的重要议题。基于高新技术企业数据，综合运用DO指数法和自然断裂点法，尝试识别我国已有的区域创新高地的空间格局。研究发现：（1）综合类创新高地与服务类创新高地的空间格局高度重合，在长三角、珠三角和京津冀城市群形成“三足鼎立”的空间格局——长三角以上海为中心呈“W”形分布，珠三角以深圳为中心呈“O”形分布，京津冀以北京为中心呈“工”字形分布。（2）制造类创新高地则形成了长三角和珠三角城市群主导的“两极”格局——长三角以苏州为中心呈“E”形分布，珠三角以深圳为中心呈“C”形分布。（3）长三角和珠三角的创新要素呈现高-高集聚特征，其他地区仍以高-低集聚为主，中国整体创新水平仍有待提升。（4）综合考虑三类创新高地，由各省中心城市构成的创新高地网状格局已具雏形，其核心节点是三大城市群的中心和次中心城市。

关键词: 创新高地, 空间格局, 区县尺度, DO指数, 产业异质性

Abstract:

With the unprecedented intensification of technological innovation, innovative elements are constantly gathering, and several innovation hubs are emerging. The spatial pattern of China's regional innovation hubs has become an essential topic in theory and practice. Based on the data from high-tech enterprises, this paper attempts to identify the spatial pattern of China's existing regional innovation hubs by comprehensively using the DO index and natural break point method. The findings show that: (1) The spatial pattern of comprehensive innovation hubs and service innovation hubs is highly overlapping, forming a "three-legged tripod" spatial pattern in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei city clusters. (2) The manufacturing innovation hubs have formed a "two-pole" pattern dominated by the Yangtze River Delta city clusters and the Pearl River Delta city clusters. (3) The innovative elements in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta exhibit a high-high agglomeration feature, while other areas still mainly exhibit a high-low agglomeration, and the overall national innovation level still needs to be improved. (4) Considering all three types of innovation hubs, the network of innovation hubs composed of provincial central cities has taken shape, and the three major city clusters are the core nodes of the innovation highland network.

Key words: innovation hubs, spatial pattern, county data, DO index, industrial heterogeneity

郭红星, 邓智团. 中国区域创新高地空间格局的多尺度分析——高新技术企业视角[J]. 世界地理研究, 2024, 33(12): 79-93.

Hongxing GUO, Zhituan DENG. The multiscale analysis of the spatial pattern of regional innovation hubs in China: A perspective from high-tech enterprises[J]. World Regional Studies, 2024, 33(12): 79-93.

图/表 5

表1 各类小微企业标准及高新技术企业数量

Tab.1 Standards of small and micro enterprises in various categories and the number of high-tech enterprises

分类	门类	小微企业标准		高新技术企业样本信息
分类	门类	营业收入/万元	从业人员/人	数量/个	累积占比/%
制造类	制造业	2 000	300	126 146	0.38
服务类	科学研究和技术服务业	—	100	94 245	0.67
服务类	信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业	1 000	100	45 417	0.8
服务类	批发和零售业	5 000	20	34 848	0.91
制造类	建筑业	6 000	—	8 708	0.94
服务类	租赁和商务服务业	8 000	100	8 616	0.96
服务类	农、林、牧、渔业	500	—	2 560	0.97
服务类	水利、环境和公共设施管理业	—	100	2 356	0.98
服务类	文化、体育和娱乐业	—	100	2 087	0.98
服务类	居民服务、修理和其他服务业	—	100	1 912	0.99
制造类	电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业	2 000	300	1 318	0.99

图1 省市县尺度下高新技术企业数目概率密度图注：（b）图描述的对象包括330个地级市和4个直辖市。

Fig. 1 The probability density of high-tech enterprises at the provincial， municipal and county scale

图2 不同距离尺度下具有创新高地的产业个数注：作者根据51个2位代码产业的DO指数计算结果绘制。图3同。

Fig. 2 The number of industries with innovation hubs at different distances

图3 创新高地识别的最佳尺度判别图

Fig.3 The best administrative division level for identifying innovation hubs

图4 三类创新高地的空间格局注：基于国家测绘局标准地图服务网站下载的标准地图（审图号为GS（2023）2763）制作，底图无修改。

Fig.4 The spatial distribution of three types of innovation hubs

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