主管单位:中国科学技术协会
主办单位:中国地理学会
承办单位:华东师范大学

世界地理研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 29-41.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.12.20230175

• 国别与区域 • 上一篇    下一篇

俄乌地缘政治冲突对欧洲能源安全格局的短期影响研究

党牛(), 王强(), 庄星辉   

  1. 福建师范大学地理科学学院,福州 350117
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-03 修回日期:2023-07-27 出版日期:2024-12-15 发布日期:2024-12-23
  • 通讯作者: 王强
  • 作者简介:党牛(1997—),男,博士生,研究方向为能源地理与区域可持续发展,E-mail:qbx20220125@yjs.fjnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(42471191);福建省科学技术厅公益类竞争性项目(2023R1039);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(21YJCZH006)

Research on the short-term effects of Russia-Ukraine geopolitical conflict on the Europe energy security pattern

Niu DANG(), Qiang WANG(), Xinghui ZHUANG   

  1. School of Geographic Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
  • Received:2023-04-03 Revised:2023-07-27 Online:2024-12-15 Published:2024-12-23
  • Contact: Qiang WANG

摘要:

俄乌冲突引发的地缘政治形势变化,导致欧洲能源安全格局面临巨大挑战。利用欧洲能源实时贸易数据和GDELT地缘关系量化评价数据,基于能源的可获得性和能源的可负担性两个视角,对地缘政治事件的短期能源安全响应开展研究。研究结果表明:①俄乌冲突爆发后,由于欧盟对俄罗斯提出相关经济制裁,俄罗斯也降低了对欧能源出口,欧洲对俄罗斯的能源依赖度随之由31.3%下降为22.1%,俄罗斯在欧洲能源供应链中的地位显著下降;②俄罗斯的能源地缘影响力呈现出明显的“中心-外围”格局,反映出东欧面临的能源安全风险大于西欧;③俄乌冲突以来,欧洲能源可获得性小幅上升,但整体能源供给的赫芬达尔指数仍高达0.39,呈现过度集聚,表明欧洲外部能源可获得性仍存在巨大风险;④相较于2021年,2022年欧洲能源进口总量同比上升9%,但能源支出同比上升约124%,能源可负担性普遍降低。研究可用于中国短期能源地缘格局突变的应急管理机制构建,也能为长期能源安全建设和可再生能源转型提供政策建议。

关键词: 俄乌冲突, 地缘政治事件, 能源安全, 能源支出, 空间格局, 欧洲

Abstract:

The change in geopolitical patterns triggered by the Russia-Ukraine conflict has posed a huge challenge to Europe. From the perspective of energy security, this study uses data from the monthly energy trade and GDELT(Global Database of Events) to investigate the short-term response to the geopolitical conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The results show that, from March to July 2022, the European energy reliance rate on Russia has reduced from 31.3% to 22.1%, implying that Russia declined in importance due to cuts in Russian oil and natural gas imports. In addition, this war produced different influences on different European countries, with an obvious "core- peripheral" spatial pattern, indicating that Eastern Europe faces greater energy security risks than Western Europe. During the war, the overall Herfindahl index of Europe is still as high as 0.39, showing an over-concentration of energy supply, indicating that a potential risk to Europe's energy accessibility remains. Meanwhile, despite a rise of only 9% in energy imports, there was a 124% year-on-year rise in energy expenditure, which caused considerable concern about energy affordability. Findings in this study can be used to construct emergency management mechanisms for sudden changes in the short-term energy geopolitical pattern, and also provide policymakers with suggestions for long-term energy security and renewable energy transition.

Key words: Russia-Ukraine conflict, geopolitical event, energy security, energy expenditure, spatial pattern, Europe