改革开放以来中国口岸体系演化阶段识别及其开放特征分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.12.2021960

世界地理研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (12): 78-88.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.12.2021960

改革开放以来中国口岸体系演化阶段识别及其开放特征分析

韩增林¹^,²(), 曹凡¹^,², 郭建科¹^,²(), 李富祥³

^1.辽宁师范大学，教育部人文社科重点研究基地海洋经济与可持续发展研究中心，大连 116029
^2.辽宁师范大学，辽宁省“海洋经济高质量发展”高校协同创新中心，大连 116029
^3.辽东学院城市建设学院，丹东 118003

收稿日期:2021-12-19 修回日期:2022-03-20 出版日期:2023-12-15 发布日期:2024-01-02
通讯作者: 郭建科
作者简介:韩增林（1956—），男，教授，博士，研究方向为海洋经济地理，E-mail：hzl@lnnu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41871112);辽宁省“兴辽英才”青年拔尖人才项目(XLYC2007174)

Identification of the evolutionary stages of China's ports of entry system since the reform and opening-up and analysis of its opening features

Zenglin HAN¹^,²(), Fan CAO¹^,², Jianke GUO¹^,²(), Fuxiang LI³

^1a. Center for Studies of Marine Economy and Sustainable Development, Dalian 116029, China
^1b. University Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Economy High-Quality Development of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Normal University Dalian 116029, China
^2. College of Urban Construction, Liaodong College Dandong 118003, China

Received:2021-12-19 Revised:2022-03-20 Online:2023-12-15 Published:2024-01-02
Contact: Jianke GUO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

口岸体系是一系列规模和功能不同的口岸在一定地域范围内的空间分布与组合。基于1979—2019年口岸开放年份的数据，对改革开放以来中国口岸体系演化阶段进行定量划分，综合考虑口岸开放时间、类型及政策因素分析各阶段口岸体系的开放特征。结果表明：（1）综合考虑口岸体系开放的时空属性，采用Bai-Perron结构断点检验法识别出改革开放以来中国口岸体系演化过程存在5个结构性断点，进一步利用马尔科夫转移类型的空间变化将演化过程修正为5个演化阶段。（2）马尔科夫转移概率矩阵显示，改革开放以来中国口岸体系开放水平波动上升，在空间上存在显著的趋同俱乐部，集中开放的空间格局进一步强化。（3）改革开放以来中国口岸体系演化阶段性轴线开放特征显著，开放特征存在“沿海沿边点状开放—沿海沿江T形开放—内陆与沿边口岸带状开放—航空口岸全面开放—全方位多层次立体化开放”的演化过程。

关键词: 口岸体系, 时空演化, Bai-Perron结构断点检验, 马尔科夫链, 中国

Abstract:

The ports of entry system is the spatial distribution and combination of a series of ports of different sizes and functions within a certain geographical area. Based on the data of port opening years from 1979-2019, this paper adopted Bai-Perron structural breakpoint test and Markov chain quantification to quantitatively divide the evolution stages of China's ports of entry system since the reform and opening-up, and analyzed the opening characteristics of each stage of the ports of entry system by considering the port opening time, type and policy factors. The results show that :(1) considering the spatio-temporal attributes of the opening of the ports of entry system, the Bai-Perron structural breakpoint test is used to identify five structural breakpoints in the evolution of the Chinese ports of entry system since the reform and opening-up, and the evolution process is further modified into five evolutionary stages by using the spatial changes of Markov chain transfer states. (2) Markov chain transfer matrix shows that the opening level of China's ports of entry system has fluctuated and increased since the reform and opening-up, and there is a significant convergence club in space, and the spatial pattern of the centralized opening is further strengthened.(3)Since the reform and opening-up, the evolution of China's ports of entry system has been characterized by significant openness in stages and has gone through five stages: "point-like opening along the coast, T-shaped opening along the coast, T-shaped opening along the river, belt-like opening of inland and border ports, full opening of airports, and all-round Multi-level and three-dimensional opening-up".

Key words: ports of entry system, spatio-temporal evolution, Bai and Perron's multiple structural breaks test, Markov chains, China

韩增林, 曹凡, 郭建科, 李富祥. 改革开放以来中国口岸体系演化阶段识别及其开放特征分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(12): 78-88.

Zenglin HAN, Fan CAO, Jianke GUO, Fuxiang LI. Identification of the evolutionary stages of China's ports of entry system since the reform and opening-up and analysis of its opening features[J]. World Regional Studies, 2023, 32(12): 78-88.

图/表 5

参考文献 45

1	王毅,陈娱,陆玉麒,等. 城市门户性与中国门户群研究. 地理科学,2017,37(3):331-338.
	WANG Y, CHEN Y, LU Y, et al. Analysis on the gateway property and gateway-city groups of China. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(3):331-338.
2	郭政,董平,陆玉麒,等. 长三角集装箱港口体系演化及影响因素分析. 长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(7):1423-1432.
	GUO Z, DONG P, LU Y, et al. Analysis on the evolution and influence factors of Yangtze River Delta container port system. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2018,27(7):1423-1432.
3	杨青山,刘鉴,张郁,等. 满洲里口岸—城市关系演变的多尺度因素影响分析.地理学报,2020,75(10):2146-2163.
	YANG Q, LIU J, ZHANG Y, et al. Multi-scale factors influencing the evolution of Manzhouli port-city relationship. Acta Geographica Sinica,2020,75(10):2146-2163.
4	曹有挥. 安徽省长江沿岸港口体系的初步研究.地理科学,1995(2):154-162.
	CAO Y. The preliminary study on the lower Yangtze River port system in Anhui Province. Scientia Geographica Sinica,1995(2):154-162.
5	陈子龙. "丝绸之路经济带"背景下的新疆口岸体系研究. 长春:东北师范大学,2015.
	CHEN Z. The research of land-port system in Xinjiang Province——Under the strategy of the Silk Road Economic Belt. Changchun: Northeast Normal University,2015.
6	郭宏宇,竺彩华. 口岸发展与" 一带一路" 建设:形势、问题及对策. 国际经济合作,2016(1):46-55.
	GUO H, ZHU C. Port development and "One Belt,One Road" construction:Situation,Problems and Countermeasures. Journal of International Economic Cooperation,2016(1):46-55.
7	戴鞍钢. 近代中国西部内陆边疆通商口岸论析. 复旦学报(社会科学版),2005(4):71-79.
	DAI A. On trading ports along western border areas in modern China. Fudan Journal (Social Sciences Edition),2005(4):71-79.
8	毛立坤. 晚清时期东南沿海通商口岸对外航线与港势地位的变迁. 史学月刊,2005(12):37-43.
	MAO L. Evolution of the shipping lines and the harbor potential of the southeastern treaty ports in the Late Qing Period. Journal of Historical Science,2005(12):37-43.
9	金峰. 鸦片战争前清代外贸口岸体系研究. 中国边疆史地研究,2016,26(1):47-56.
	JIN F. The study of foreign trade port system of Qing Dynasty before the Opium War. China's Borderland History and Geography Studies,2016,26(1):47-56.
10	姜涛. 通商口岸体系的形成与中国近代城市体系的变动——基于人口史的考察. 四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006(5):16-24.
	JIANG T. Formation of the treaty port network and changes of modern Chinese city system: Based on the survey of the population history. Journal of Sichuan University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition),2006(5):16-24.
11	NOTTEBOOM T, RODRIGUE J. Port regionalization: Towards a new phase in port development. Maritime Policy & Management,2005,32(3):297-313.
12	BIRD J. The Major Seaports of the United Kingdom. London: Hutchinson,1963.
13	KUBY M, REID N. Technological change and the concentration of the U.S. general cargo port system:1970-88. Economic Geography,1992,68(3):272-289.
14	MAYER H. Current Trends in Great Lakes Shipping. GeoJournal,1978,2(2):117-122.
15	WANG J. A container load center with a developing hinterland: A case study of Hong Kong. Journal of Transport Geography,1998,6(3):187-201.
16	吴旗韬,张虹鸥,叶玉瑶,等. 港口体系演化的影响因素及驱动机制分析. 人文地理,2011,26(3):106-110.
	WU Q, ZHANG H, YE Y, et al. Factors and driving mechanism of the port system evolution. Human Geography,2011,26(3):106-110.
17	LEE P, LAM J. A review of port devolution and governance models with compound eyes approach. Transport Reviews,2017,37(4):507-520.
18	王洪清. 不同管控模式对港口空间结构和交易效率的影响比较——以中国沿海港口群为例. 经济地理, 2019,39(1):104-112.
	WANG H. Comparison of the impact of different management and control modes on port spatial structure and transaction efficiency: A case study of China's coastal port clusters. Economic Geography,2019,39(1):104-112.
19	程佳佳,王成金. 珠江三角洲集装箱港口体系演化及动力机制. 地理学报,2015,70(8):1256-1270.
	CHENG J, WANG C. Evolution and dynamic mechanism of container port system in the Pearl River Delta. Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(8):1256-1270.
20	郭建科,何瑶,王绍博,等. 1985年以来中国大陆沿海集装箱港口体系位序-规模分布及其网络联系. 地理研究,2019,38(4):869-883.
	GUO J, HE Y, WANG S, et al. Rank-size distribution changes and transportation network connections of the coastal container port system in Chinese mainland since 1985. Geographical Research, 2019, 38(4): 869-883.
21	蒋自然,朱华友,王成金,等. 港口体系转型的空间格局及影响因素——基于长江三角洲实证分析. 地理科学,2021,41(7):1187-1198.
	JIANG Z, ZHU H, WANG C, et al. The spatial pattern and driving factors of port system transformation: Empirical research of the Yangtze River Delta. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2021,41(7): 1187-1198.
22	刀祝威. 内陆边境区的空间结构研究. 云南:云南师范大学,2000.
	DAO Z. A study on the spatial structure of frontier area of inland. Yunnan: Yunnan Normal University,2000.
23	史进,刘养洁. 论跨边界次区域物流运输一体化的构建. 经济地理,2012,32(6):98-102.
	SHI J, LIU Y. On the cross-border sub-regional integration to build logistics. Economic Geography,2012,32(6):98-102.
24	甘静,梁振民,陈才. 珲春—图们江地区边境口岸物流体系建设研究. 世界地理研究,2013,22(3):128-135.
	GAN J, LIANG Z, CHEN C. Study on the construction of frontier port logistics system in the Hunchun-Tumen river region. World Regional Studies,2013,22(3):128-135.
25	冯革群,丁四保. 边境区合作理论的地理学研究. 世界地理研究,2005(1):53-60.
	FENG G, DIN S. Retrospect and prospect of the cross-border cooperation study. World Regional Studies,2005(1):53-60.
26	梁振民,陈才. 中俄边境城市满洲里口岸经济发展战略研究. 世界地理研究,2012,21(2):97-104.
	LIANG Z, CHEN C. Research on development strategy of the Sino-Russian border city of Manzhouli. World Regional Studies,2012,21(2):97-104.
27	穆沙江·努热吉. "一带一路"经济走廊陆路节点口岸产业发展潜力及路径. 中国流通经济,2020,34(2):47-58.
	MUSHAJIANG N. Industrial development potential and path of land node ports of the Belt and Road economic corridor. China Business and Market,2020,34(2):47-58.
28	WEI H, SHENG Z. Logistics connectivity considering import and export for Chinese inland regions in the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road by dry ports. Maritime Policy & Management,2018,45(1):53-70.
29	彭永岸. 内陆口岸的特征和口岸体系的研究——以云南为例. 经济地理,1992,12(4):67-71.
	PENG Y. A study of the characteristics of inland ports and the port system: the case of Yunnan. Economic Geography,1992,12(4):67-71.
30	郭来喜. 中国对外开放口岸布局研究. 地理学报,1994(5):385-393.
	GUO L. Distribution of ports in China. Acta Geographica Sinica,1994(05):385-393.
31	周一星,张莉. 中国大陆口岸城市外向型腹地研究. 地理科学,2001(6):481-487.
	ZHOU Y, ZHANG L. The foreign-oriented hinterland of Chinese port-cities. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2001,21(6):481-487.
32	杨家文,周一星. 虚拟腹地: 中国大陆口岸地位的度量与解释. 人文地理,2001(6):1-6.
	YANG J, ZHOU Y. Ranking ports on chinese mainland with the concept of virtual hinterland. Human Geography,2001(6):1-6.
33	武强,和一楠. 基于空间相互作用模型的近代中国经济区域划分研究. 历史地理研究,2020,40(4):100-118.
	WU Q, HE Y. An analysis on the division of economic regions in modern China based on spatial interactive models. The Chinese Historical Geography,2020,40(4):100-118.
34	王姣娥,焦敬娟,景悦,等. "中欧班列"陆路运输腹地范围测算与枢纽识别. 地理科学进展,2017,36(11):1332-1339.
	WANG J, JIAO J, JING Y, et al. Transport hinterlands of border ports by China-Europe express trains and hub identification. Progress in Geography,2017,36(11):1332-1339.
35	CAO X, LI S. Spatio-temporal evolution of port opening in China's 40 years of reform and opening-up period. PloS one,2019,14(8):1-21.
36	宋周莺,车姝韵,王姣娥,等. 中国沿边口岸的时空格局及功能模式. 地理科学进展,2015,34(5):589-597.
	SONG Z, CHE S, WANG J, et al. Spatiotemporal distribution and functions of border ports in China. Progress in Geography,2015,34(5):589-597.
37	GUO J, QIN Y, DU X, et al. Dynamic measurements and mechanisms of coastal port-city relationships based on the DCI model: Empirical evidence from China. Cities,2020,96:102440.
38	李艳,孙阳,姚士谋. 一国两制背景下跨境口岸与中国全球城市区域空间联系——以粤港澳大湾区为例. 地理研究,2020,39(9):2109-2129.
	LI Y, SUN Y, YAO S. Cross-border ports and the spatial linkages of China′s global city regions in the context of "one country, two systems": Taking the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as an example. Geographical Research,2020,39(9):2109-2129.
39	柯玮,谢平,桑燕芳,等. 基于Bai&Perron结构断点检验的水文分期方法. 水力发电学报,2019,38(2):57-67.
	KE W, XIE P, SANG Y, et al. Staged hydrological method based on Bai and Perron's multiple structural breaks test. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2019,38(2):57-67.
40	BAI J, PERRON P. Estimating and testing linear models with multiple structural changes. Econometrica,1998:47-78.
41	蔡磊,罗庆,李孟林. 欠发达农区家庭贫困的动态转变分析——以河南省为例. 地理科学进展,2021,40(3):468-476.
	CAI L, LUO Q, LI M. Dynamic change of household poverty in underdeveloped rural areas: Taking Henan Province as an example. Progress in Geography,2021,40(3):468-476.
42	王宜强,朱明博,赵媛. 中国天然气流动体系及其动态变化特征. 世界地理研究,2019,28(5):153-164.
	WANG Y, ZHU M, ZHAO Y. Scale system and dynamic change characteristics of natural gas flow in China. World Regional Studies,2019,28(5):153-164
43	陈小强,袁丽华,宋长青,等. 人文地理研究中时间阶段划分的量化工具与应用. 经济地理,2021,41(1): 21-29.
	CHEN X, YUAN L, SONG C, et al. Quantitative tools and applications of time stages division in Human Geography research. Economic Geography,2021,41(1):21-29.
44	朱振. 新中国口岸开放发展70年. 边界与海洋研究,2019,4(6):28-46.
	ZHU Z. 70 Years of PRC's ports opening and development. Journal of Boundary and Ocean Studies,2019,4(6):28-46.
45	董志勇,李成明. 国内国际双循环新发展格局:历史溯源、逻辑阐释与政策导向. 中共中央党校(国家行政学院)学报,2020,24(5):47-55.
	DONG Z, LI C. China's double-circulation new development pattern: Source, implications and Policy Orientation. Journal of the CCPS (CAG),2020,24(5):47-55.

断点	系数数量	残差平方和	对数-似然	Schwarz^* 准则	LWZ^*准则
估计断点年份：			1985、1992、1998、2007、2013
0	1	236 694.40	－235.73	8.75	8.80
1	3	40 004.05	－199.28	7.15	7.30
2	5	19 908.27	－184.98	6.64	6.89
3	7	11 006.58	－172.83	6.23	6.58
4	9	8 111.26	－166.57	6.10	6.57
5	11	6 303.26	－161.40	6.03	6.60

断点	系数数量	残差平方和	对数-似然	Schwarz^* 准则	LWZ^*准则
估计断点年份：			1985、1992、1998、2007、2013
0	1	236 694.40	－235.73	8.75	8.80
1	3	40 004.05	－199.28	7.15	7.30
2	5	19 908.27	－184.98	6.64	6.89
3	7	11 006.58	－172.83	6.23	6.58
4	9	8 111.26	－166.57	6.10	6.57
5	11	6 303.26	－161.40	6.03	6.60

t_i/t_(i+1)	n_t	1979—1984年					t_i/t_(i+1)	n_t	1985—1991年
t_i/t_(i+1)	n_t	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	t_i/t_(i+1)	n_t	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ
Ⅰ	326	0.926	0.071	0.006	0.000	0.000	Ⅰ	299	0.930	0.067	0.003	0.000	0.000
Ⅱ	35	0.000	0.800	0.171	0.029	0.000	Ⅱ	51	0.000	0.980	0.020	0.000	0.000
Ⅲ	3	0.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	0.000	Ⅲ	12	0.000	0.917	0.083	0.000	0.000
Ⅳ	3	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.667	0.333	Ⅳ	3	0.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	0.000
Ⅴ	1	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000	Ⅴ	3	0.000	0.000	0.333	0.333	0.333
t_i/t_(i+1)	n_t	1992—1997年					t_i/t_(i+1)	n_t	1998—2006年
t_i/t_(i+1)	n_t	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	t_i/t_(i+1)	n_t	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ
Ⅰ	263	0.931	0.073	0.000	0.000	0.000	Ⅰ	244	0.947	0.053	0.000	0.000	0.000
Ⅱ	93	0.000	0.925	0.075	0.000	0.000	Ⅱ	105	0.000	0.914	0.076	0.000	0.000
Ⅲ	6	0.000	0.000	0.667	0.333	0.000	Ⅲ	11	0.000	0.091	0.909	0.000	0.000
Ⅳ	5	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	Ⅳ	5	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000	0.000
Ⅴ	1	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000	Ⅴ	3	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000
t_i/t_(i+1)	n_t	2007—2012年					t_i/t_(i+1)	n_t	2013—2019年
t_i/t_(i+1)	n_t	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	t_i/t_(i+1)	n_t	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ
Ⅰ	230	0.974	0.026	0.000	0.000	0.000	Ⅰ	224	0.969	0.036	0.000	0.000	0.000
Ⅱ	111	0.000	0.973	0.027	0.000	0.000	Ⅱ	114	0.009	0.921	0.070	0.000	0.000
Ⅲ	18	0.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	0.000	Ⅲ	26	0.000	0.192	0.769	0.038	0.000
Ⅳ	6	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.833	0.167	Ⅳ	2	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.500	0.500
Ⅴ	3	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.333	0.667	Ⅴ	2	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000

t_i/t_(i+1)	n_t	1979—1984年					t_i/t_(i+1)	n_t	1985—1991年
t_i/t_(i+1)	n_t	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	t_i/t_(i+1)	n_t	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ
Ⅰ	326	0.926	0.071	0.006	0.000	0.000	Ⅰ	299	0.930	0.067	0.003	0.000	0.000
Ⅱ	35	0.000	0.800	0.171	0.029	0.000	Ⅱ	51	0.000	0.980	0.020	0.000	0.000
Ⅲ	3	0.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	0.000	Ⅲ	12	0.000	0.917	0.083	0.000	0.000
Ⅳ	3	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.667	0.333	Ⅳ	3	0.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	0.000
Ⅴ	1	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000	Ⅴ	3	0.000	0.000	0.333	0.333	0.333
t_i/t_(i+1)	n_t	1992—1997年					t_i/t_(i+1)	n_t	1998—2006年
t_i/t_(i+1)	n_t	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	t_i/t_(i+1)	n_t	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ
Ⅰ	263	0.931	0.073	0.000	0.000	0.000	Ⅰ	244	0.947	0.053	0.000	0.000	0.000
Ⅱ	93	0.000	0.925	0.075	0.000	0.000	Ⅱ	105	0.000	0.914	0.076	0.000	0.000
Ⅲ	6	0.000	0.000	0.667	0.333	0.000	Ⅲ	11	0.000	0.091	0.909	0.000	0.000
Ⅳ	5	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	Ⅳ	5	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000	0.000
Ⅴ	1	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000	Ⅴ	3	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000
t_i/t_(i+1)	n_t	2007—2012年					t_i/t_(i+1)	n_t	2013—2019年
t_i/t_(i+1)	n_t	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	t_i/t_(i+1)	n_t	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ
Ⅰ	230	0.974	0.026	0.000	0.000	0.000	Ⅰ	224	0.969	0.036	0.000	0.000	0.000
Ⅱ	111	0.000	0.973	0.027	0.000	0.000	Ⅱ	114	0.009	0.921	0.070	0.000	0.000
Ⅲ	18	0.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	0.000	Ⅲ	26	0.000	0.192	0.769	0.038	0.000
Ⅳ	6	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.833	0.167	Ⅳ	2	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.500	0.500
Ⅴ	3	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.333	0.667	Ⅴ	2	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000

[1]	史春林, 付媛丽. 中国与巴布亚新几内亚的渔业合作问题研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(9): 67-77.
[2]	余紫菱, 马莉莉, 任孟成. 中国-东盟“大网群”电力互联网络建设研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(8): 25-36.
[3]	董俊鸷, 孟怡伟, 丁志伟. 中国县域创新产出的空间分异及其影响因素[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(8): 88-102.
[4]	胡平平, 武友德, 李灿松, 王敏. 缅北武装冲突的时空演变及对中国西南边疆地区的影响[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(7): 75-87.
[5]	祝孔超, 赵媛, 夏四友, 夏启繁, 崔盼盼. “一带一路”沿线国家石油产品贸易网络演化分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(6): 28-38.
[6]	曹开臣, 胡伟, 葛岳静, 富宁宁, 胡志丁, 李灿松, 叶帅, 胡渊. “21世纪海上丝绸之路”沿线地缘环境及其对中国的影响[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(6): 39-50.
[7]	梁甲瑞. 浅析小岛屿发展中国家在全球公共卫生治理中的角色及启示[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(5): 158-168.
[8]	祁明星, 陈爽. 环维多利亚湖国家人口城市化与基础设施耦合协调关系研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(5): 34-45.
[9]	张晓瑶, 陆林, 虞虎, 张潇, 邓洪波. 中国传统村落分布特征与成因机制研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(4): 132-143.
[10]	张一诺, 董雅晴, 路紫, 杜欣儒, 杨锦, 王雨晗. 中国航线网络联系模式对航班延误分布的影响及其近年变化[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(4): 96-108.
[11]	赵敏, 张俊, 李鹏. 泛亚高铁建设背景下中国西南-东南亚城市联系的多情景预测[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(3): 1-16.
[12]	李在军, 胡美娟. 江苏省生态福利绩效时空演化及影响机制研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(3): 124-135.
[13]	李连刚, 胡晓辉. 新冠肺炎疫情下中国区域经济韧性时空格局与影响因素分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(3): 64-75.
[14]	谢潇, 盈斌, 杜芳娟, 宋潇玉, 吴函彦. 中国妇幼健康水平的区域差异和影响因素[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(2): 82-92.
[15]	宋周莺, 高珊珊. 21世纪俄罗斯对外贸易格局的时空演变态势[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(12): 1-17.

改革开放以来中国口岸体系演化阶段识别及其开放特征分析

Identification of the evolutionary stages of China's ports of entry system since the reform and opening-up and analysis of its opening features

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 5

参考文献 45

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

区域	口岸类型					总计
区域	海港口岸	河港口岸	航空口岸	铁路口岸	公路口岸	总计
沿海地区	78	24	39	9	12	162
沿边地区	0	21	22	11	67	121
内陆地区	0	5	18	1	1	25
总计	78	50	79	21	80	308