Abstract:

With the increase of domestic energy consumption, domestic energy consumption has become a key area to promote energy transformation and energy conservation and carbon reduction. Taking urban and rural household energy consumption as the research object, this paper reveals the characteristics of urban and rural household energy consumption changes in China from 2007 to 2020, and combines the LMDI model and STIRPAT model to explore the influencing factors and effects of urban and rural energy consumption. The results show that: ① During the study period, the energy consumption of urban and rural residents in each province generally shows a fluctuating upward trend. Among them, the proportion of domestic energy consumption in urban areas is higher than that in rural areas. ② From the perspective of energy consumption structure in urban and rural areas, the energy consumption structure shows a diversified and clean trend.Among them, the consumption growth rate of natural gas, heat and electricity in rural areas is higher than that in urban areas, but the proportion of natural gas consumption in urban and rural areas is still low. ③ In terms of influencing factors, population size, energy intensity, economic development, industrial structure, extensive consumption and clean consumption have significant differences in urban and rural domestic energy consumption to different degrees,with significant differences between urban and rural areas. Subregionally, cities in the central and eastern regions and villages in the central and northeastern regions are more affected by factors such as population size, energy intensity, and economic development effects. To promote energy conservation and carbon reduction, we suggest enhancing the awareness of energy conservation of urban residents, constructing infrastructure such as rural power grids and natural gas equipment, increasing natural gas consumption, promoting technological progress and optimizing the rural power production structure.

Key words: domestic energy consumption, urban and rural differences, energy consumption characteristics, influencing factors, China

摘要：

随着生活能源消费规模的扩大，居民生活能源消费已成为推进能源转型和节能降碳的关键领域。本研究以城乡居民生活能源消费为研究对象，揭示2007—2020年中国城乡生活能源消费变化特征，并结合LMDI模型和STIRPAT模型，分别探讨城镇和乡村生活能源消费的影响因素及其作用效应。结果表明：①研究期内中国城乡居民生活能源消费量总体呈现波动上升趋势。其中，城镇生活能源消费量占全国总量的比重持续高于乡村。②城乡生活能源消费结构呈现多元化、清洁化趋势。其中，乡村天然气、热力和电力的消费比重增长率均高于城镇，但城乡天然气消费占比均较低。③影响因素方面，人口规模、能源强度、经济发展、产业结构、粗放消费与清洁消费均在不同程度上对城镇和乡村生活能源消费产生了影响，且具有显著差异。分区域来看，中部和东部的城镇以及中部和东北部的乡村更易受到人口规模、能源强度、经济发展等因素的影响。未来推进节能降碳工作，可以考虑增强城镇居民节能意识，加快建设乡村电网、天然气设备等基础设施，进一步提高天然气消费比重，推进技术进步和优化乡村电力生产结构。

关键词: 生活能源消费, 城乡差异, 能源消费特征, 影响因素, 中国