Abstract:

Influenced by domestic situations in Myanmar, restricted by international environment, along with insufficient information materials of middle or high-resolution land cover product, the researches on Myanmar's geographical environment undertaken by outside world are extremely few and the understanding of land cover change and relevant driving factors are especially in great scarcity. This article utilizes GlobeLand30 which is the first global 30m land cover product developed by China, initially analyzes space variations of national land cover in Myanmar from 2000 to 2010 with combination of social and economic statistical data and comprehensively researches on driving factors of land-surface coverage change in aspects of policy regulation and control, political environment, economic development, and ethnic culture etc. Researches have shown that, in recent ten years, Myanmar's land cover have undertaken great changes, spatial and temporal disparities were remarkably, which are concretely manifested below: (1)The Forest has an increase in eastern region and a decrease in western region with a rapid increase of total quantities. The newly-increased Forest started to be concentrated in southeastern and northeastern regions and shows a tendency of consistent growth. Southeast regions of Myanmar adjoining "Golden Triangle" and each states of Tenasserim Coast become Forest high-speed growth areas; (2) The Cultivated land with the national scope decreases and the concentration in Irrawaddy River valley area is still remarkable. Western region of middle and lower reaches of Irrawaddy River and Shan-State Cultivated land have the largest reductions. Forest and Artificial surface are remarkably occupied. Agricultural franchise and substitute plantation extort significant influence; (3) Artificial surface increases rapidly, which takes Irrawaddy River Delta as the core and spreads to middle stream of river valley and eastern region. The Shan-ethnicity regions and Bamar-ethnicity regions which have relative dense population become Artificial surface high-speed growth areas; (4) The natural disasters within ten years exert great influence on earth-surface coverage in southern region. However, agricultural policy, political pattern, economic force are main driving factors. And utilization of GlobeLand30 combining Burmese socio-economic data can improve the accuracy of its land-category statistics.

Key words: land cover, GlobeLand30, land cover change, driving factors

摘要：

受缅甸国内局势影响和国际环境制约，加上缺乏中高分辨率地理信息资料，外界对其地理环境研究甚少，尤其是缺乏对其地表覆盖变化及驱动因子的了解和认知。利用我国研制的世界上首套全球两期（2000和2010年）30米地表覆盖信息产品GlobeLand30，分析2000—2010年缅甸全国地表覆盖的空间分布与变化，并结合社会经济统计数据，从政策调控、政治环境、经济发展、民族文化等方面综合研究了地表覆盖变化的驱动因素。研究发现，十年间缅甸地表覆盖变化较大，时空差异明显。具体为：①林地呈东增西减，总量增加迅速，新增林地中心向东南、东北集中并有不断增长的趋势，靠近“金三角”的缅东南、德林达依海岸的各省邦成为林地高速增长区；②全国范围内耕地减少，在伊洛瓦底河谷区集中依然明显，伊洛瓦底江中下游以西和掸邦耕地减少最多，林地和人造地表侵占显著，农业特许经营和替代种植影响显著；③人造地表增长迅速，以伊洛瓦底江三角洲为重心，向河谷中游和东部蔓延，人口较多的缅族和掸族聚居区成为人造地表高速增长区；④就地表覆盖变化的驱动因素而言，十年间自然灾害对南部地区地表覆盖有明显的影响，但农业政策、政治格局、经济驱动是主要驱动因素。

关键词: 缅甸，地表覆盖, GlobeLand30, 时空变化, 驱动因素, 地缘环境