Research on the spatial distribution and evolution of headquarters of international science and technology organizations

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2026.01.20240583

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on the analysis methods such as standard deviation ellipse, spatial autocorrelation, and spatio-temporal hotspot detection, the spatial distribution and spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the headquarters of 4,752 international scientific and technological organizations worldwide from 1945 to 2021 have been revealed. The research findings are as follows: ① The headquarters of international scientific and technological organizations are distributed extremely unevenly around the globe, mainly concentrated in economically developed and rich in scientific and technological resources developed countries in Europe and America. ② The headquarters of international scientific and technological organizations in the fields of medicine, engineering, science, and interdisciplinary studies are concentrated in Western Europe and the United States, while those in the field of agriculture are concentrated in Brussels of Western Europe and Bangkok of East Asia. This spatial distribution pattern is closely related to the disciplinary and industrial development status of each region. ③ The development of the headquarters of international scientific and technological organizations has gone through four stages. The spatial pattern of the headquarters has shown a trend of shifting from west to east, especially more obvious in East Asia and Southeast Asia. ④ The spatial layout center of the headquarters of international scientific and technological organizations has always been located in the regions of Europe and America. However, with the changes in global scientific and technological innovation and economic power, its spatial layout has changed, gradually expanding from the regions dominated by Europe and America to emerging economies in East Asia and Southeast Asia. After World War II, the spatial layout center of the headquarters of medical and interdisciplinary studies shifted from the United States to Europe, and showed a trend of spreading to East Asia and Southeast Asia; the headquarters of engineering, science, and agriculture shifted from Europe to East Asia and Southeast Asia. The spatial layout center of the headquarters of international scientific and technological organizations alliances has always been in Europe, and the spatial layout center of international and special forms of international scientific and technological organization headquarters has gradually shifted from the United States to Europe.

Key words: international scientific and technological organizations, spatial distribution, spatiotemporal evolution, headquarter

摘要：

本研究基于标准差椭圆、空间自相关、时空热点探测等分析方法揭示出1945―2021年全球4 752家国际科技组织总部的空间分布结构及时空演化特征，研究发现：①国际科技组织总部在全球分布极为不均，主要集中在经济发达、科技资源丰富的欧美发达国家。②医学、工学、理学和交叉学科类国际科技组织总部集聚于西欧和美国，农学类总部集中在西欧的布鲁塞尔、罗马和东亚的曼谷。这种空间分布格局与各地区的优势学科和产业发展状况密切相关。③国际科技组织总部的发展经历了早期缓慢发展、独立主权国家主导的爆发式增长、跨国公司主导的爆发式增长和增量萎缩4个阶段，其空间分布重心呈现由西向东转移的趋势，向东亚和东南亚地区转移尤为明显。④国际科技组织总部的空间格局重心长期位于欧美国家，然而随着全球科技创新和经济力量的变化，其空间布局发生了变化，从欧美主导逐渐向东亚、东南亚等新兴经济体扩展。二战后，医学和交叉学科类总部空间格局重心逐渐由美国转移至欧洲，并呈现出向东亚和东南亚扩散的态势；工学、理学和农学类总部由欧美向东亚、东南亚扩散的现象明显。国际科技组织联盟总部的空间格局重心始终位于欧洲，多边和特殊形式的国际科技组织总部的空间格局重心也逐渐由美国向欧洲转移。

关键词: 国际科技组织, 空间分布, 时空演化, 总部

Huijuan WANG, Junkai LI, Yongqiang LYU, Chang LIU, Buze GUO. Research on the spatial distribution and evolution of headquarters of international science and technology organizations[J]. World Regional Studies, 2026, 35(1): 45-61.

王慧娟, 李军凯, 吕永强, 刘畅, 郭不昃. 国际科技组织总部空间分布及演化特征研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2026, 35(1): 45-61.

Figures/Tables 7

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城市	数量/家	占比	活跃型组织数量/家
布鲁塞尔	463	10.1%	330
巴黎	150	3.3%	94
伦敦	109	2.4%	67
维也纳	94	2.1%	56
华盛顿	76	1.7%	44
日内瓦	71	1.6%	39

城市	数量/家	占比	活跃型组织数量/家
布鲁塞尔	463	10.1%	330
巴黎	150	3.3%	94
伦敦	109	2.4%	67
维也纳	94	2.1%	56
华盛顿	76	1.7%	44
日内瓦	71	1.6%	39

类别	数量/家	在国际性科技组织中的占比	集中分布的城市及数量/家
国际科技组织联盟总部	14	0.5%	巴黎（3）、日内瓦（3）、布鲁塞尔（1）、海牙（1）、波茨坦（2）、马伦戈（1）、罗斯蒙特（1）、首尔（1）、北京（1）
多边国际科技组织总部	2 385	81.4%	布鲁塞尔（301）、巴黎（67）、伦敦（60）、维也纳（55）
特殊形式的国际科技组织总部	532	18.2%	布鲁塞尔（59）、巴黎（17）、日内瓦（16）、伦敦（15）、维也纳（13）、华盛顿（8）、东京（7）、曼谷（6）、内罗毕（6）

类别	数量/家	在国际性科技组织中的占比	集中分布的城市及数量/家
国际科技组织联盟总部	14	0.5%	巴黎（3）、日内瓦（3）、布鲁塞尔（1）、海牙（1）、波茨坦（2）、马伦戈（1）、罗斯蒙特（1）、首尔（1）、北京（1）
多边国际科技组织总部	2 385	81.4%	布鲁塞尔（301）、巴黎（67）、伦敦（60）、维也纳（55）
特殊形式的国际科技组织总部	532	18.2%	布鲁塞尔（59）、巴黎（17）、日内瓦（16）、伦敦（15）、维也纳（13）、华盛顿（8）、东京（7）、曼谷（6）、内罗毕（6）