Research on the hotspots of geo-relations in Chinese diplomatic speeches

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.09.20222393

Abstract

Abstract:

The study of China's geo-relations has received wide attention from the academic world. Chinese diplomatic speeches objectively record the process of China's interaction with other countries and the evolution of its attention to current hotspots, and the study of geo-relations hotspots from China's perspective can be conducted based on this officially released unstructured data. This paper selects Chinese Foreign Ministry speech text data and analyzes the hot issues implied in the text data from the perspective of feature vocabulary and topic coding, and the study shows that: (1) The Asia-Pacific and neighboring countries occupy a primary position in the handling of China's geopolitical relations. (2) In recent years, the geopolitical conflict with the United States and other Western countries has shifted from geo-economic to geo-cultural aspects. (3) In terms of topics, trade and economy are the focus of geopolitical relations between countries in the world, and the role of science, technology and innovation elements in the penetration of great power competition is becoming increasingly prominent. (4) In terms of geostrategy, attention is drawn to the impact of NATO's "eastern concern" on the Asia-Pacific region, and the South Pacific island region is a potential major power geopolitical game area that deserves attention. This paper applies text analysis techniques to study the hot issues of China's geopolitical relations, providing a new perspective for the study of geopolitical relations and a certain reference for the development of China's geopolitical relations.

Key words: geo-relations, text analysis, diplomatic statements, China

摘要：

中国的地缘关系研究受到国内学者的广泛关注，外交发言文本中客观地记录了中国与其他国家的互动过程以及关注时事热点的演进过程，可基于这一官方发布的非结构化数据进行中国视角下的地缘关系热点研究。本文选取中国外交部发言文本数据，从特征词汇、主题编码等角度对文本数据中隐含的热点问题进行分析，研究表明：（1）亚太、周边地区国家在中国地缘关系的处理上占据首要地位。（2）近年与美国等西方国家的地缘冲突从地缘经济转向地缘文化方面。（3）议题方面，经贸是世界国家间地缘关系的重点，科技创新要素在大国竞争中的渗透作用越来越突出。（4）地缘战略方面，注意北约“东顾”对亚太地区带来的影响，南太平洋岛国是潜在的大国地缘博弈地区。本文应用文本分析技术研究中国地缘关系热点问题，为地缘关系的研究提供了一个新视角，也为中国地缘战略的发展提供一定的参考。

关键词: 地缘关系, 文本分析, 外交发言, 中国

Hang LIU, Huasong LUO, Juhua HONG, Rui WANG, Lele SUN. Research on the hotspots of geo-relations in Chinese diplomatic speeches[J]. World Regional Studies, 2024, 33(9): 71-81.

刘航, 骆华松, 洪菊花, 王睿, 孙乐乐. 中国外交发言文本中的地缘关系热点研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2024, 33(9): 71-81.

Figures/Tables 8

References 40

1	陆大道,杜德斌.关于加强地缘政治地缘经济研究的思考.地理学报,2013,68(6):723-727.
	LU D, DU D.Some thoughts on the strengthening of geopolitical and geoeconomic studies. Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(6):723-727.
2	王毅.探索中国特色大国外交之路(英文).China International Studies,2013(4):5-17.
	WANG Y.Exploring the path of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics. China International Studies,2013(4):5-17
3	王礼茂,牟初夫,陆大道.地缘政治演变驱动力变化与地缘政治学研究新趋势.地理研究,2016,35(1):3-13.
	WANG L, MU C, LU D. Changes in driving forces of geopolitical evolution and the new trends in geopolitics studies. Geographical Research, 2016,35(1):3-13.
4	亨利•基辛格.世界秩序.北京:中信出版社, 2015.
	KISSINGER H. World Order.Beijing: CITIC Press, 2015.
5	黄晓斌.网络信息挖掘.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
	HUANG X. Web Information Mining. Beijing: Electronic Industry Press, 2005.
6	胡开宝,李婵.中国特色大国外交话语的翻译与传播研究:内涵、方法与意义.中国翻译,2018,39(4):5-12.
	HU K, LI C. Research on the translation and dissemination of diplomatic discourse of great powers with Chinese characteristics: Connotations, methods and implications. China Translation,2018,39(4):5-12.
7	武瑷华,曹阳.对等原则与外交话语.外语学刊,2011(4):28-31.
	WU A, CAO Y. The principle of reciprocity and diplomatic discourse. Journal of Foreign Languages,2011(4):28-31.
8	王鹏,高铖,陈晓美.基于LDA模型的文本聚类研究.情报科学,2015,33(1):63-68.
	WANG P, GAO C, CHEN X. Research on text clustering based on LDA model. Intelligence Science,2015,33(1):63-68.
9	尹皛.文本挖掘的实验设计与实现.信息技术与信息化,2021(9):94-96.
	YIN X. Experimental design and implementation of text mining. Information Technology and Informatization, 2021(9):94-96
10	张伟,潘兴明,张海波,等.基于词性标注和规则相结合的信息抽取方法.计算机技术与发展,2021,31(10):215-220.
	ZHANG W, PAN X, ZHANG H,et al. Information extraction method based on a combination of lexical annotation and rules. Computer Technology and Development, 2021,31(10):215-220.
11	GRIMMER J. A bayesian hierarchical topic model for political texts: Measuring expressed agendas in senate press releases. Political Analysis,2010,18(1):1-35.
12	JONATHAN B. The dynamics of parliamentary discourse in the UK:1936-2011. Draft Paper for Presentation at"IPP 2012: Big Data, Big Challenges", 2012.
13	姚博睿,秦昆,罗萍,等.特殊事件中国际关系网络时序演化分析.地球信息科学学报,2021,23(4):632-645.
	YAO B, QIN K, LUO P,et al. Analysis of the temporal evolution of international relations networks in special events. Journal of Geoinformation Science,2021,23(4):632-645.
14	秦昆,罗萍,姚博睿.GDELT数据网络化挖掘与国际关系分析.地球信息科学学报,2019,21(1):14-24.
	QIN K, LUO P, YAO B. GDELT data networked mining and international relationship analysis. Journal of Geoinformation Science, 2021,23(4):632-645.
15	陈冲.全球外交访问网络的形成与演化——基于大数据的社会网络分析.外交评论(外交学院学报),2021,38(4):120-154.
	CHEN C. The formation and evolution of a global network of diplomatic visits-- Big data-based social network analysis. Diplomatic Review (Journal of the Foreign Service Institute), 2021,38(4):120-154.
16	朱星铭.新闻发言人华春莹外交语言策略研究.长沙:长沙理工大学,2019.
	ZHU X. Study on spokesperson Hua Chunying's diplomatic language strategy. Changsha: Changsha University of Science and Technology,2019.
17	杨钧寓. 国家形象塑造视角下中国外交话语的语用学研究.昆明:云南师范大学,2021.
	YANG J. A pragmatics study of Chinese diplomatic discourse from the perspective of national image building. Kunming: Yunnan Normal University,2021.
18	张丹彤,韩丙轩.中国外交发言的国际生态话语分析——以王毅外长在2020年国际形势与中国外交研讨会上的演讲为例.西部学刊,2021,143(14):42-44.
	ZHANG D, HAN B. Analysis of the international ecological discourse of Chinese diplomatic speeches -- An example of foreign minister Wang Yi's speech at the 2020 symposium on international situation and chinese diplomacy. Journal of Western, 2021,143(14):42-44.
19	陈仕壕,邹茜,张婷.从我国外交发言分析我国外交战略——兼分析我国未来外交战略.改革与开放,2013,369(12):115-116.
	CHEN S, ZOU Q, ZHANG T. Analysis of our diplomatic strategy from our diplomatic speeches--and analysis of our future diplomatic strategy, Reform and Opening, 2013,369(12):115-116.
20	张肖阳.双向话语协同:中国气候变化对外话语——基于外交部例行记者会的大数据文本分析.现代传播(中国传媒大学学报),2023,45(1):66-75.
	ZHANG X. Two-way discourse synergy: China's external discourse on climate change: A big data text analysis based on the routine press conference of the ministry of foreign affairs. Modern Communication(Journal of Communication University of China), 2023,45(1):66-75.
21	包宜超.中国外交部新闻发言人对外传播话语建构研究.上海:华东政法大学,2022.
	BAO Y. The discourse construction of the spokesperson of the Chinese ministry of foreign affairs -- A text analysis with the theme of "Covid-19". Shanghai: East China University of Political Science and Law,2022.
22	关美琦.中国外交话语中内政干涉主题发言的批评隐喻分析.长春:东北师范大学,2020.
	GUAN M. Analysis of critical metaphors in Chinese diplomatic discourse on the theme of domestic intervention statements. Changchun: Northeast Normal University,2020.
23	徐晓军.气候外交中的国家身份建构——以美国、欧盟、中国在华沙联合国气候大会上的发言为例.黑河学刊,2015,21(7):58-59.
	XU X. The construction of national identity in climate diplomacy -- An example from the statements of the U.S., EU, and China at the UN climate conference in Warsaw. Heihe Journal,2015,21(7):58-59.
24	任东升,季秀妹.基于"政治等效"的外交话语隐喻英译策略——以2019年外交部例行记者会发言为例.当代外语研究,2021,45(3):84-95.
	REN D, JI X.On strategies for interpreting metaphors in diplomatic discourse for political equivalence:A case study of Chinese Foreign Ministry's 2019 Regular Press Conferences.Contemporary Foreign Language Studies,2021,45(3):84-95.
25	苏欣.角色理论视角下的伊朗外交政策研究.上海:上海外国语大学,2020.
	SU X. A study of IRAN's foreign policy from the perspective of role theory. Shanghai: Shanghai International Studies University,2020.
26	张丽.印度对"一带一路"倡议的认知与应对实证研究.北京:中共中央党校,2019.
	ZHANG L. An empirical study of India's perceptions and responses to the Belt and Road initiative. Beijing:Party School of the Central Committee of C. P.C,2019.
27	王修远.新一轮朝核危机中朝鲜的强制外交政策与中国战略对策——基于内容分析法的朝鲜外务省发言分析.江南社会学院学报,2013,15(4):35-38.
	WANG X.An analysis of the DPRK's coercive diplomacy in the new round of the DPRK Nuclear Crisis and China's strategic policy:An application content analysis on the basis of contexts ofthe Foreign Ministry of the DPRK. Journal of Jiangnan Social University,2013,15(4):35-38.
28	邹美含.解构西方话语霸权:外交部新闻发言框架研究.广州:暨南大学,2021.
	ZOU M. Deconstruction of western discourse hegemony: A study on the press statement framework of the ministry of foreign affairs -- Take the foreign ministry press conference in 2020 as an example. Guangzhou: Jinan University,2021.
29	唐静.外交新闻中的习近平主席媒介形象呈现.南宁:广西大学,2016.
	TANG J. Diplomatic news President Xi Jinping in the media image presented. Nanning: Guangxi University,2016.
30	HIGUCHI K. A Two-Step Approach to quantitative content analysis: KH coder tutorial using anne of green gables(Part 1). Computer Science, Linguistics, 2016, 52(3):77-91.
31	MANNING C D, SURDEANU M, BAUER J, et al.The Stanford core NLP toolkit.//BONTCHEVA K, ZHU J.Proceeding of 52nd Annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System demonstrations.Maryland:Association for Computational Linguistics, 2014:55-60.
32	OSGOOD C E. Trends in Content Analysis, Urbana. IL: University of Illinois Press,1959.
33	DANOWSKI J A. Progress in Communication Sciences IV, Norwood. NJ: Ablex, 1993.
34	俞婷婷,徐彭娜,江育娥,等.基于改进的Jaccard系数文档相似度计算方法.计算机系统应用,2017,26(12):137-142.
	YU T, XU P, JIANG Y,et al. Improved Jaccard coefficient based document similarity calculation method. Computer System Applications,2017,26(12):137-142.
35	KLEIN J. Statistical Visions in Time: A History of Time Series Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
36	唐家渝,刘知远,茂松.文本可视化研究综述.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2013,25(3):273-285.
	TANG J, LIU Z, MAO S. A review of text visualization research. Journal of Computer Aided Design and Graphics,2013,25(3):273-285.
37	NENADIC O, GREENACRE M. Correspondence analysis in R, with two- and three-dimensional graphics: The ca package. Journal of Statistical Software, 2007, 20:1-13.
38	GREENACRE M. Correspondence Analysis in Practice, Second Ed. RatonBocaL:Chapman & Hall/CRC,2007.
39	刘小燕,李云翔.国内政治议题的国际溢出效果研究.国际新闻界,2015,37(8):20-32.
	LIU X, LI Y. A study of the international spillover effects of domestic political issues. The International Press,2015,37(8):20-32.
40	王玮.中美外交新闻议程比较研究.上海: 上海交通大学,2013.
	WANG W. A comparative study of Chinese and American diplomatic news agendas. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2013.

年份	节点	边	密度
2019年	101	545	0.108
2020年	120	1227	0.172
2021年	125	1324	0.171

年份	节点	边	密度
2019年	101	545	0.108
2020年	120	1227	0.172
2021年	125	1324	0.171

2019年		2020年		2021年
编码	合计	编码	合计	编码	合计
美国	631	美国	1613	美国	1848
联合国	152	世卫组织	406	阿富汗	302
俄罗斯	88	联合国	239	日本	297
安理会	80	澳大利亚	214	联合国	291
朝鲜	77	俄罗斯	150	世卫组织	290
加拿大	67	非洲	137	英国	162
日本	65	日本	123	澳大利亚	160
印度	58	印度	121	非洲	143
欧盟	53	加拿大	114	俄罗斯	135
英国	52	英国	109	加拿大	128

2019年		2020年		2021年
编码	合计	编码	合计	编码	合计
美国	631	美国	1613	美国	1848
联合国	152	世卫组织	406	阿富汗	302
俄罗斯	88	联合国	239	日本	297
安理会	80	澳大利亚	214	联合国	291
朝鲜	77	俄罗斯	150	世卫组织	290
加拿大	67	非洲	137	英国	162
日本	65	日本	123	澳大利亚	160
印度	58	印度	121	非洲	143
欧盟	53	加拿大	114	俄罗斯	135
英国	52	英国	109	加拿大	128

年份	节点	边	密度
2019年	42	249	0.289
2020年	42	347	0.403
2021年	44	487	0.515