Spatial pattern evolution of R&D enterprises and its influencing factors in Jiangsu Province

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.05.2020624

Abstract

Abstract:

Taking Jiangsu county district as the research unit, this paper explored the spatial differentiation characteristics of R&D enterprises in Jiangsu province in 2005, 2011 and 2017 with the methods of standard deviation ellipse, Ripley's K function and exploratory spatial data analysis, and then investigated the influencing factors of spatial differentiation of R&D enterprises in Jiangsu province by the negative binomial regression model, the main conclusions are as follows. The R&D enterprises show a stable northwest-southeast spatial distribution pattern, and it has significant spatial clustering, and the scale and intensity of the clustering increase first and then decrease. What's more, the cold and hot spots of R&D enterprises are distributed in blocks, and there is an obvious phenomenon of "club convergence". In addition, R&D enterprises, development zones and institutions of higher learning have a high degree of spatial matching. Lastly, factors such as economic development level, labor cost, development zone construction, proximity to institutions of higher learning and agglomeration economy have a significant influence on the spatial distribution of R&D enterprises in Jiangsu Province.

Key words: R&D enterprises, Jiangsu Province, spatial agglomeration, spatial correlation, influencing factors

摘要：

以江苏省县区为研究单元，综合运用标准差椭圆、Ripley’s K函数和探索性空间数据分析方法，探究2005、2011和2017年江苏省研发企业的空间分异特征，并采用负二项回归模型考察江苏省研发企业空间分异的影响因素，研究结论如下：研发企业空间分布呈现出稳定的西北-东南分布格局，且具有显著的空间集聚性，聚集规模和强度先增强后减弱；研发企业冷热点呈块状分布，存在明显的“俱乐部趋同”现象；研发企业和开发区、高等学校空间匹配程度较高；经济发展水平、劳动力成本、开发区建设、邻近高等院校以及集聚经济等因素对江苏省研发企业空间布局影响显著。

关键词: 研发企业, 江苏省, 空间集聚, 空间关联, 影响因素

Xiaojuan ZHANG, Qifeng TANG, Ziwei LIAO. Spatial pattern evolution of R&D enterprises and its influencing factors in Jiangsu Province[J]. World Regional Studies, 2022, 31(5): 1034-1045.

张筱娟, 汤琪凤, 廖紫薇. 江苏省研发企业空间格局演化及其影响因素分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2022, 31(5): 1034-1045.

Figures/Tables 8

References 34

1	TOWNROE M. Rationality in industrial location decisions. Urban Study, 1991, 28(3): 383-392.
2	GRANOVETTER M. Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 1985, 91(3): 481-510.
3	张姗姗,刘存丽,张落成.苏南太湖流域污染企业空间布局演化及未来产业发展方向研究.经济地理,2018,38(2):162-171.
	ZHANG S, LIU C, ZHANG L. The research of spatial evolution of polluting industrial and the future development of industries in southern Jiangsu of Taihu Lake Basin. Economic Geography, 2018,38(2):162-171.
4	黄娉婷,张晓平.京津冀都市圈汽车产业空间布局演化研究.地理研究,2014,33(1):83-95.
	HUANG P, ZHANG X. Spatial evolution of automobile industry in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region. Geographical Research, 2014,33(1):83-95.
5	千庆兰,陈颖彪,李雁,等.广州市物流企业空间布局特征及其影响因素.地理研究,2011,30(7):1254-1261.
	QIAN Q, CHEN Y, LI Y, et al. Spatial distribution of logistics enterprises in Guangzhou and its influencing factors. Geographical Research, 2011,30(7):1254-1261.
6	沈静,刘伟,魏也华.环境管制对佛山市污染密集型企业空间格局变化的影响—基于2004年、2008年、2013年经济普查数据的实证.地理科学,2019,39(12):1972-1981.
	SHEN J, LIU W, WEI Y. The impact of environmental regulation on the spatial pattern evolution of pollution-intensive enterprises in Foshan city: An empirical study based on 2004 to 2013 economic census data. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2019,39(12):1972-1981.
7	杨晓,刘爱民,贾盼娜,等.中国大豆压榨企业空间格局及其演变机制.自然资源学报,2019,34(7):1440-1456.
	YANG X, LIU A, JIA P, et al. Spatial pattern and evolution mechanism of China's soybean processing plants. Journal of Natural Resources, 2019,34(7):1440-1456.
8	韩会然,杨成凤,宋金平.北京批发企业空间格局演化与区位选择因素.地理学报,2018,73(2):219-231.
	HAN H, YANG C, SONG J. Impact factors of location choice and spatial pattern evolution of wholesale enterprises in Beijing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018,73(2):219-231.
9	朱慧,周根贵.国际陆港物流企业空间格局演化及其影响因素—以义乌市为例.经济地理,2017,37(2):98-105.
	ZHU H, ZHOU G. Spatial agglomeration evolution and influencing factors of logistics enterprises in international inland port—A case study of Yiwu city. Economic Geography, 2017,37(2):98-105.
10	陈柯,张晓嘉,韩清.中国工业产业空间集聚的测量及特征研究.上海经济研究, 2018(7): 30-42.
	CHEN K, ZHANG X, HAN Q. The measure and characteristics of the geographical concentration of Chinese industries. Shanghai Journal of Economics, 2018(7): 30-42.
11	邵朝对,苏丹妮,李坤望.跨越边界的集聚:空间特征与驱动因素.财贸经济,2018(4):99-113.
	SHAO C, SU D, LI K. Agglomeration across the border: Spatial characteristics and driving factors.Finance & Trade Economics,2018(4):99-113.
12	李佳洺,张文忠,李业锦,等.基于微观企业数据的产业空间集聚特征分析—以杭州市区为例.地理研究,2016,35(1):95-107.
	LI J, ZHANG W, LI Y, et al. The characteristics of industrial agglomeration based on micro-geographic data. Geographical Research, 2016,35(1):95-107.
13	王庆喜,胡志学.长三角地区研发企业集聚与知识溢出强度—连续空间中的微观分析.地理科学,2018,38(11):1828-1836.
	WANG Q, HU Z. A micro-level analysis on R&D firm agglomeration and magnitude of knowledge spillovers in continuous space. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018, 38(11):1828-1836.
14	姜海宁,许乔波,陈秋羽.浙江省研发产业空间格局演变研究.浙江师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,39(1):87-95.
	JIANG H, XU Q, CHEN Q. Research on spatial pattern evolution of R&D industry in Zhejiang province. Journal of Zhejiang Normal University(Natural Sciences), 2016,39(1):87-95.
15	张建伟,赵建吉,张战仁.江苏省研发产业空间差异演变研究.世界地理研究,2013,22(2): 123-130+175.
	ZHANG J, ZHAO J, ZHANG Z. Research on spatial differences evolution of R&D industry in Jiangsu province. World Regional Studies, 2013,22(2): 123-130+175.
16	王承云,张婷婷.长三角地区研发产业的空间结构演化.地理科学进展,2012,31(8):989-996.
	WANG C, ZHANG T. Spatial evolution and influencing factors of R&D industry in the Yangtze River Delta Region. Progress in Geography, 2012, 31(8):989-996.
17	王承云.日本研发产业的空间集聚与影响因素分析.地理学报,2010,65(4):387-396.
	WANG C. Spatial agglomeration and influencing factors of Japanese R&D industry. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2010, 65(4): 387-396.
18	侯纯光,杜德斌,史文天,等.世界一流大学空间集聚对研发密集型企业空间布局的影响—以美国为例.地理研究,2019,38(7):1720-1732.
	HOU C, DU D, SHI W, et al. The influence of the spatial agglomeration of the world first-class universities on the spatial distribution of R&D intensive enterprises: A case study of the United States. Geographical Research, 2019, 38(7):1720-1732.
19	孙飞翔,王承云.上海研发产业空间集聚及演化研究.上海经济研究,2014(11):107-115.
	SUN F, WANG C. The spatial agglomeration and diffusion of R&D industry: A case study of Shanghai. Shanghai Journal of Economics, 2014(11):107-115.
20	王劲峰,廖一兰,刘鑫.空间数据分析教程.北京:科学出版社,2009.
	WANG J, LIAO Y, LIU X. Analysis on Spatial Data. Beijing: Science Press, 2009.
21	方忠权.广州会展企业空间集聚特征与影响因素.地理学报,2013,68(4):464-476.
	FANG Z.The agglomeration characteristics and influencing factors of exhibition enterprises in Guangzhou.Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(4):464-476.
22	王庆喜,蒋烨,陈卓咏.区域经济研究实用方法:基于ArcGIS、GeoDa和R的运用.北京:经济科学出版社,2014.
	WANG Q, JIANG Y, CHEN Z. Practical methods of regional economic research: based on ArcGIS, GeoDa and R. Beijing: Economic Science Press, 2014.
23	王俊松.集聚经济与中国制造业新企业区位选择.哈尔滨工业大学学报(社会科学版),2011,13(6):19-26.
	WANG J. Agglomeration economy and location choice of new enterprises in China's manufacturing industry. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology (Social Sciences Edition), 2011, 13(6):19-26.
24	王伟凯.制造业外资企业地理集聚及其区位选择.哈尔滨工业大学学报(社会科学版),2011,13(6):27-34.
	WANG W. Geographical agglomeration and location choice of foreign-invested enterprises in manufacturing industry. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology (Social Sciences Edition), 2011, 13(6):27-34.
25	戴宏伟,王云平.产业转移与区域产业结构调整的关系分析.当代财经,2008(2):93-98.
	DAI H, WANG Y. Analysis of the relationship between industrial transfer and regional industrial structure adjustment. Contemporary Finance & Economics, 2008(2):93-98.
26	舒季君.中国"四化"同步发展时空差异及其影响机理研究.杭州:浙江工业大学, 2015.
	SHU J. Study on the spatial-temporal difference and its influence mechanism of the simultaneous development of "four modernizations" in China. Hangzhou, Zhejiang University of Technology, 2015.
27	何琼,王铮.跨国R&D投资在中国的区位因素分析.中国软科学,2006(7):113-120.
	HE Q, WANG Z. Study on the location factors of overseas R&D investment in China. China Soft Science, 2006(7):113-120.
28	叶素云,叶振宇.中国工业企业的区位选择:市场潜力、资源禀赋与税负水平.南开经济研究,2012(5): 94-110.
	YE S, YE Z. Location choice of industrial firms in China: Market potential, resource endowment and tax burden level. Nankai Economic Studies, 2012(5): 94-110.
29	CHEN C. Regional determinants of foreign direct investment in Mainland China. Journal of Economic Studies, 1996, 23(2):18-30.
30	史进.中国制造业企业空间动态研究.北京:经济科学出版社,2016.
	SHI J. Study on the spatial dynamics of Chinese manufacturing enterprises. Beijing: Economic Science Press, 2016.
31	吕卫国,陈雯.制造业企业区位选择与南京城市空间重构.地理学报,2009,64(2):142-152.
	LV W, CHEN W. Manufacturing industry enterprises location choice and the urban spatial restructuring in Nanjing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2009, 64(2):142-152.
32	姜海宁,张文忠,吕国庆,等.上海日资纺织服装制造企业的空间格局.地理研究,2016,35(6): 1095-1106.
	JIANG H, ZHANG W, LV G, et al. Spatial pattern of Japan-funded textile and garment manufacturing enterprises in Shanghai, Geographical Research, 2016,35(6): 1095-1106.
33	赵新正,宁越敏,魏也华.上海外资生产空间演变及影响因素.地理学报,2011,66(10):1390-1402.
	ZHAO X, NING Y, WEI Y. Evolution and determinants of foreign production space in Shanghai. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(10):1390-1402.
34	王庆喜,徐维祥.多维距离下中国省际贸易空间面板互动模型分析.中国工业经济,2014(3):31-43.
	WANG Q, XU W. A research on Chinese inter-provincial trade based on spatial panel interaction model under multi-dimensional distances. China Industrial Economics, 2014(3):31-43.

年份	中心点经度	中心点纬度	长轴标准差/km	短轴标准差/km	转角θ/°
2005	119.8 483°E	31.9 788°N	1.3 496	0.7 751	124.7 590
2011	120.0 222°E	31.9 107°N	1.3 172	0.6 698	124.5 891
2017	120.0 267°E	31.9 848°N	1.4 561	0.7 464	130.9 284

年份	中心点经度	中心点纬度	长轴标准差/km	短轴标准差/km	转角θ/°
2005	119.8 483°E	31.9 788°N	1.3 496	0.7 751	124.7 590
2011	120.0 222°E	31.9 107°N	1.3 172	0.6 698	124.5 891
2017	120.0 267°E	31.9 848°N	1.4 561	0.7 464	130.9 284

年份	邻接矩阵			地理距离倒数矩阵
年份	Moran′s I	E(I)	Z值	Moran′s I	E(I)	Z值
2005	0.1 343^*	-0.0 189	1.4 904	0.0 472^***	-0.0 189	4.0 748
2011	0.3 107^***	-0.0 189	2.7 928	0.1 063^***	-0.0 189	6.7 427
2017	0.2 954^***	-0.0 189	2.8 630	0.0 816^***	-0.0 189	5.8 089

年份	邻接矩阵			地理距离倒数矩阵
年份	Moran′s I	E(I)	Z值	Moran′s I	E(I)	Z值
2005	0.1 343^*	-0.0 189	1.4 904	0.0 472^***	-0.0 189	4.0 748
2011	0.3 107^***	-0.0 189	2.7 928	0.1 063^***	-0.0 189	6.7 427
2017	0.2 954^***	-0.0 189	2.8 630	0.0 816^***	-0.0 189	5.8 089

变量名称	变量定义	单位	符号
经济发展水平	人均GDP	元	pgdp
产业结构	二、三产业占GDP比重	%	indus
劳动力成本	在岗职工平均工资	元	wa
开发区建设	省级及以上开发区数量	个	dz
高速公路路网密度	高速公路长度与总面积的比值	-	hw
邻近高等院校	高等学校数量	个	sc
集聚经济	2005年各县区研发企业数	个	agglo