Spatial evolution and influencing factors of logistics enterprises in Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.04.20220374

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on the micro geographical data of logistics enterprises in the Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration, this paper used the average nearest neighbor, kernel density estimation and standard deviation ellipse analysis methods to explores the spatial evolution characteristics of logistics enterprises in the Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration at four time points in 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2019 from two aspects of different spatial regions and different types of enterprises, and built a panel data regression model to explore the main factors affecting the spatial distribution of logistics enterprises in urban agglomeration. The results show that: the concentration of logistics enterprises in the Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration is deepening, the agglomeration area has evolved from "single core" to "striped spot-like", and the overall cluster distribution is along the "northeast-southwest" direction, and the Xi'an Metropolitan Area is the core gathering area of logistics enterprises in the urban agglomeration; the development of logistics in different spatial regions of urban agglomerations is unbalanced; different types of logistics enterprises have different spatial pattern evolution characteristics; the number of logistics enterprises in the previous year, the total amount of postal business and the total retail sales of social consumer goods have a positive effect on the spatial agglomeration of logistics enterprises.

Key words: logistics enterprises, spatial evolution, influencing factors, Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration

摘要：

基于关中平原城市群物流企业微观地理数据，使用平均最近邻、核密度估计和标准差椭圆分析方法，从不同空间区域和不同企业类型维度，探究2005、2010、2015、2019年4个时间点关中平原城市群物流企业空间演化特征，并构建面板数据回归模型探究影响城市群物流企业空间分布的主要因素。结果表明：关中平原城市群物流企业聚集程度不断加深，聚集区由“单核”向“条带式斑点状”演化，整体沿“东北-西南”方向聚集分布，西安都市圈是城市群内物流企业的核心聚集区；城市群不同空间区域物流发展不均衡；不同类型物流企业空间格局演化特征不同；上一年度物流企业数量、邮政业务总量和社会消费品零售总额对物流企业空间集聚具有积极作用。

关键词: 物流企业, 空间演化, 影响因素, 关中平原城市群

Shengzhong ZHANG, Di MENG, Tingyi CHAI. Spatial evolution and influencing factors of logistics enterprises in Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration[J]. World Regional Studies, 2024, 33(4): 117-129.

张圣忠, 孟迪, 柴廷熠. 关中平原城市群物流企业空间格局演化及影响因素研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2024, 33(4): 117-129.

Figures/Tables 12

Tab.1 Statistics on the number of logistics enterprises in urban agglomerations by time point

企业状态	2005年	2010年	2015年	2019年
在业/存续	1 167	2 270	6 075	14 563
注销	209	244	845	1 141
总计	1 376	2 514	6 920	15 704

Tab.2 ANN analysis results of logistics enterprises in urban agglomeration

时间	平均观测距离/km	预期平均距离/km	最邻近比率	z得分	分布类型
2005	2 172.64	7 454.43	0.291	－50.28	聚集
2010	1 388.15	5 511.51	0.252	－71.76	聚集
2015	662.81	3 377.26	0.196	－127.91	显著聚集
2019	391.82	2 280.96	0.172	－198.57	显著聚集

Fig.1 Kernel density analysis of spatial distribution of logistics enterprises in urban agglomerations

Fig.2 Standard deviation ellipse of spatial distribution of logistics enterprises in urban agglomeration

Fig.3 Kernel density analysis of spatial distribution of logistics enterprises in urban agglomerations （Shaanxi）

Fig.4 Kernel density analysis of spatial distribution of logistics enterprises in urban agglomerations（Shanxi）

Fig.5 Kernel density analysis of spatial distribution of logistics enterprises in urban agglomerations（Gansu）

Fig.6 Kernel density analysis of spatial distribution of logistics enterprises in urban agglomerations （storage type， transport type，comprehensive and postal express）

Tab.3 Indicator selection and description

因素	指标	指标代码	具体说明
生产	人均生产总值	PCGDP	衡量各地市经济发展状况和人民生活水平
生产	规模以上工业总产值	GIOV	反映本年度各地市工业生产总规模和总水平
消费	社会消费品零售总额	FSBC	地区商品销售收入，间接体现物流需求状况
消费	居民人均可支配收入	PCADI	衡量各地市人民消费潜在水平
交通	等级公路里程	LH	反映当前物流基础设施建设情况
交通	公路货运量	FV	衡量各地市物流公路运输规模的综合性指标
社会	常住人口	PP	衡量各地市物流需求水平
社会	政府财政支出	FS	政府支持产业发展给予的间接财政支持
产业	邮政业务总量	TPT	衡量各地市邮政快递业务整体水平
产业	上一年度物流企业数量	NUM	上一年各地市物流企业聚集数量，体现产业聚集情况

Tab.4 Logistics enterprise assignment standard

企业类型	仓储型、运输型、邮政快递型	综合型	赋值
小微型	300万以下	300万以下	1
中型	300~800万	300~600万	2
大型	800~4 000万	600~2 000万	3
特大型	4 000~20 000万	2 000~10 000万	5
超大型	20 000万以上	10 000万以上	10

Tab.5 Correlation analysis results of influencing factors

解释变量	Pearso相关系数	解释变量	Pearso相关系数
PCGDP	$0 . 600 * *$	FV	$0 . 528 * *$
GIOV	$0 . 723 * *$	PP	$0 . 653 * *$
FSBC	$0 . 793 * *$	FS	$0 . 817 * *$
PCADI	$0 . 608 * *$	TPT	$0 . 917 * *$
LH	$0 . 414 * *$	NUM	$0 . 984 * *$

Tab.5 Correlation analysis results of influencing factors

解释变量	Pearso相关系数	解释变量	Pearso相关系数
PCGDP	$0 . 600 * *$	FV	$0 . 528 * *$
GIOV	$0 . 723 * *$	PP	$0 . 653 * *$
FSBC	$0 . 793 * *$	FS	$0 . 817 * *$
PCADI	$0 . 608 * *$	TPT	$0 . 917 * *$
LH	$0 . 414 * *$	NUM	$0 . 984 * *$

Tab.6 Panel data regression model analysis results

变量	模型一	模型二	模型三	模型四	模型五	模型六	模型七
GIOV	$1 . 562 * * *$
FSBC		$2 . 300 * * *$
PP			$2 . 214 * * *$
FS				$2 . 056 * * *$
TPT					$1 . 226 * * *$
NUM						$1 . 080 * * *$	$1 . 035 * * *$
PCGDP	$0 . 430 * *$	$0.105$	$0 . 759 * * *$	$0.167$	$0.076$	－ $0.053$	－ $0.011$
PCADI	$0 . 495 * * *$	$0.124$	$0 . 456 * * *$	$0.076$	$0.073$	－ $0.037$	－ $0.002$
LH	－ $1 . 196 * *$	$0.033$	－ $1 . 028 *$	－ $1 . 057 * *$	$0.232$	$0.025$	$0.027$
FV	－ $0 . 267 * *$	$0 . 401 * * *$	－ $0.188$	$0.111$	$0 . 477 * * *$	－ $0.008$	－ $0 . 053 * *$
F检验	$9 . 43 * * *$	$13 . 07 * * *$	$5 . 96 * * *$	$7 . 66 * * *$	$20 . 41 * * *$	$0.39$
Hausman检验	$39 . 27 * * *$	$46 . 64 * * *$	$28 . 55 * * *$	$32 . 73 * * *$	$43 . 56 * * *$	$2.68$
$R 2$	$0 . 663 * * *$	$0 . 827 * * *$	$0 . 627 * * *$	$0 . 777 * * *$	$0 . 946 * * *$	$0 . 949 * * *$	$0 . 971 * * *$

Tab.6 Panel data regression model analysis results

变量	模型一	模型二	模型三	模型四	模型五	模型六	模型七
GIOV	$1 . 562 * * *$
FSBC		$2 . 300 * * *$
PP			$2 . 214 * * *$
FS				$2 . 056 * * *$
TPT					$1 . 226 * * *$
NUM						$1 . 080 * * *$	$1 . 035 * * *$
PCGDP	$0 . 430 * *$	$0.105$	$0 . 759 * * *$	$0.167$	$0.076$	－ $0.053$	－ $0.011$
PCADI	$0 . 495 * * *$	$0.124$	$0 . 456 * * *$	$0.076$	$0.073$	－ $0.037$	－ $0.002$
LH	－ $1 . 196 * *$	$0.033$	－ $1 . 028 *$	－ $1 . 057 * *$	$0.232$	$0.025$	$0.027$
FV	－ $0 . 267 * *$	$0 . 401 * * *$	－ $0.188$	$0.111$	$0 . 477 * * *$	－ $0.008$	－ $0 . 053 * *$
F检验	$9 . 43 * * *$	$13 . 07 * * *$	$5 . 96 * * *$	$7 . 66 * * *$	$20 . 41 * * *$	$0.39$
Hausman检验	$39 . 27 * * *$	$46 . 64 * * *$	$28 . 55 * * *$	$32 . 73 * * *$	$43 . 56 * * *$	$2.68$
$R 2$	$0 . 663 * * *$	$0 . 827 * * *$	$0 . 627 * * *$	$0 . 777 * * *$	$0 . 946 * * *$	$0 . 949 * * *$	$0 . 971 * * *$

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