Abstract:

Rural relative poverty influences China's strategy for rural revitalization and goal of common prosperity. Therefore, in this study, based on the theory of multidimensional poverty and the regional system theory of the man-land relationship, we selected 5,502 sample rural households in Tianzhu County, Guizhou Province, identified the relatively poor households using quantitative geography and geographic information system spatial analysis, and discussed the characteristics of the spatial distribution of rural relative poverty and its influencing factors. ①The degree of rural relative poverty was high, with variations in different dimensions. The dimensions of feasible capability and economic conditions portrayed the highest degree of relative poverty, whereas the dimensions of social security and endogenous power portrayed the lowest. Defining the relatively poor households in the rural area as 60% of the median of the relative poverty index was verified to be reasonable and scientific. ② The study area had obvious agglomeration characteristics and portrayed an unbalanced distribution state; its spatial distribution was agglomerative. Overall, the study area exhibited spatial distribution characteristics of "central dispersion and peripheral agglomeration," i.e., agglomeration around the county seat as the center. ③ Rural relative poverty was influenced by natural geographical and socioeconomic factors and principally concentrated in regions with high altitude and slope, poor cultivated land resources, poor economic conditions that lack labor endowment, being farther from main roads, and residents with a comparatively low education level. We propose the implementation of a long-term mechanism for relative poverty control in the study area through multiple synergistic effects of government, society, individuals, market and promotion of industrial development, development of farmers' skills, educational assistance, comprehensive land improvement, and the relocation of impoverished residents, to ensure rural revitalization and boost common prosperity. Our study can serve as a foundation for countries that need to address rural relative poverty to ensure comprehensive economic development.

Key words: rural relative poverty, spatial distribution characteristics, influencing factors, Tianzhu county

摘要：

2020年后，农村相对贫困成为中国政府新时期反贫困问题的核心，影响着中国实现乡村振兴战略和共同富裕目标。因此，本文基于多维贫困理论和人地关系地域系统理论，以贵州省天柱县5 502户样本农户为研究对象，讨论农村相对贫困户的空间分布特征和影响因素。研究结果表明：①研究区农村相对贫困程度较深，各维度差异性较大。其中，可行能力和经济条件两个维度的相对贫困程度最高，社会保障和内生动力相对贫困程度较低，并验证了以相对贫困指数中位数的60%划定农村相对贫困户更具合理性和科学性。②研究区农村相对贫困户空间集聚特征明显，属于凝聚型分布类型，整体呈现“中心分散，外围集聚”空间分布特征，即以县城为中心向外围集聚。③农村相对贫困户的空间分布受自然地理要素和社会经济要素的共同影响，主要分布在高海拔、高坡度、耕地资源贫瘠、经济条件较差、劳动力禀赋匮乏、距离公路主干道较远和教育水平较低的地区，但与地表水域面积没有直接关系。最后，应发挥政府、社会、市场和个体等多主体协同作用，构建相对贫困治理长效机制，以有效衔接乡村振兴和扎实推进共同富裕。

关键词: 农村相对贫困, 空间分布特征, 影响因素, 贵州省天柱县