Abstract:

Overseas military bases, a very important strategic fulcrum, are the forefront of a country's military operations and safeguarding national interests outside the country. In different periods, the contraction and expansion of overseas military bases can reflect the country's space strategy and growth laws. This paper analyzes the evolution of the space-time pattern of military bases outside the United States from the end of the 19th century to the present, summarizes the existing organizational models, and reveals the internal dynamics of the evolution of overseas bases. The study finds that the evolution of military bases outside the United States has gone through five major stages. The first stage is the slow westward extension of the Pacific Ocean, the second stage is to accelerate the eastward entry into the Atlantic Ocean, the third stage is the east-west expansion in both directions, the fourth stage is an extensive global layout, and the fifth stage is a comprehensive reduction and layout adjustment. In the process, the spatial location of military bases outside the United States has formed three main types,including island type, continental coastal type and inland type. The overseas military bases of the United States have realized the coverage of key strategic channels in the world, and the military radiation to major countries and important sea areas through the coordination of base groups and the configuration of forces and arms. Finally, based on the military, political, and economic dimensions, this paper reveals the dynamic mechanism of the evolution of the military base structure outside the United States from the aspects of national homeland security, geostrategic evolution, diplomatic relations with major countries, and energy and transportation.

Key words: overseas military base, distribution pattern, time and space evolution, model, U.S.

摘要：

境外军事基地作为重要的战略支点，是一国境外作战，维护国家利益的最前沿。不同时期境外军事基地的数量、规模等的演变反映了国家的空间战略与成长规律。本文分析了19世纪末至今美国境外军事基地的时空格局演变、组织模式并揭示其演变的动力机制。研究发现：美国境外军事基地的演变经历了西进太平洋→东拓大西洋→东西双向扩展→全球广泛布局→全面缩减和布局调整共五个主要阶段；基地的布局形成了岛屿型、大陆沿海型、内陆型三种主要类型；通过基地群协同配合和兵力兵种的配置，美国境外军事基地实现了对全球关键的战略通道的覆盖，对主要国家、重要海域的军事辐射；最后，基于军事、政治、经济多维度分别从国家国土安全、地缘战略演变、外交与大国关系及能源与运输方面揭示了美国境外军事基地格局演变的动力机制。

关键词: 境外军事基地, 分布格局, 时空演变, 模式, 美国