Evolution of residential pattern in Urumqi multi-ethnic city since 1990

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2020.01.2019048

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper takes Urumqi, the typical multi-ethnic city, as the research area, and analyzes the evolution process of residential pattern about three nationalities, which are the largest population, Uyghur, Kazakh and Hui in the dimensions of city, urban districts and blocks by index analysis method and ArcGIS. The analysis shows that Uyghur group mainly inhabited around the Tianshan District and the ShuiMogou District. The Kazakh group are mainly concentrated on the southern part of Urumqi, and most Hui people inhabited in the Toutunhe District and north area of the city. The dissimilarity index of Uyghur, Kazakh and Hui were increased during 1990~2000. From 2000 to 2010, the dissimilarity index of Uyghur, Kazakh were increased, and Hui was decreased, while they got decreased during 2010~2016. The analysis above will provide the reference for the further study of residential pattern and urban governance in other regions inhabited by ethnic groups.

Key words: residential pattern, Dissimilarity Index (DI), evolution, multi-ethnic resident, Urumqi

摘要：

以典型多民族聚居城市乌鲁木齐市为研究区域，利用指数分析法并文中利用Arc GIS软件，从城市、市辖区和街区三个尺度分析人口最多的三个少数民族维吾尔族、哈萨克族、回族的居住格局演变历程。通过空间自相关分析发现，目前维吾尔族主要聚居在天山区和水磨沟区，哈萨克族主要集中在乌鲁木齐市南部，回族在头屯河区和城市北部较为聚集。通过居住空间分异指数计算得出，1990~2000年维吾尔族、哈萨克族和回族的分异指数均有所上升；2000~2010年维吾尔族、哈萨克族分异指数上升，回族分异指数下降；2010~2016年分异指数均有所下降，以上分析为当前多民族聚居城市的管理和社区治理提供有益的参考与借鉴。

关键词: 居住格局, 分异指数, 演变, 多民族聚居, 乌鲁木齐市

Ye DONG, Yushan LIU. Evolution of residential pattern in Urumqi multi-ethnic city since 1990[J]. World Regional Studies, 2020, 29(1): 104-111.

居住格局演变, 董晔, 柳雨杉. 1990年代以来乌鲁木齐多民族聚居的[J]. 世界地理研究, 2020, 29(1): 104-111.

Figures/Tables 5

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Z（Gi）*	显著性水平	空间自相关模式
˃2.58	0.01	非常显著的高值聚集
2.58~1.96	0.05	显著的高值聚集
1.96~1.65	0.10	较显著的高值聚集
1.65~－1.65	－	空间聚集不显著
－1.65~－1.96	0.10	较显著的低值聚集
－1.96~－2.58	0.05	显著的低值聚集
<－2.58	0.01	非常显著的低值聚集

Z（Gi）*	显著性水平	空间自相关模式
˃2.58	0.01	非常显著的高值聚集
2.58~1.96	0.05	显著的高值聚集
1.96~1.65	0.10	较显著的高值聚集
1.65~－1.65	－	空间聚集不显著
－1.65~－1.96	0.10	较显著的低值聚集
－1.96~－2.58	0.05	显著的低值聚集
<－2.58	0.01	非常显著的低值聚集

指标	Moran’s I	E（I）	VAR（I）	Z－score	P
少数民族人口比重	0.524381	-0.019231	0.006908	6.540704	0.000006
维吾尔族人口比重	0.467140	-0.019231	0.006730	5.928797	0.000001
哈萨克族人口比重	0.245015	-0.019231	0.002230	5.595230	0.000001
回族人口比重	0.259817	-0.019231	0.006439	3.477443	0.000506

指标	Moran’s I	E（I）	VAR（I）	Z－score	P
少数民族人口比重	0.524381	-0.019231	0.006908	6.540704	0.000006
维吾尔族人口比重	0.467140	-0.019231	0.006730	5.928797	0.000001
哈萨克族人口比重	0.245015	-0.019231	0.002230	5.595230	0.000001
回族人口比重	0.259817	-0.019231	0.006439	3.477443	0.000506

研究区域	维吾尔族分异指数				哈萨克族分异指数				回族分异指数
研究区域	1990	2000	2010	2016	1990	2000	2010	2016	1990	2000	2010	2016
天山区	0.438	0.408	0.683	0.585	0.427	0.382	0.709	0.657	0.411	0.570	0.465	0.442
沙依巴克区	0.168	0.251	0.145	0.107	0.421	0.453	0.261	0.211	0.109	0.183	0.132	0.127
新市区	0.221	0.241	0.319	0.308	0.296	0.300	0.364	0.268	0.158	0.291	0.251	0.170
水磨沟区	0.245	0.442	0.476	0.425	0.186	0.287	0.420	0.322	0.136	0.054	0.140	0.174
头屯河区	0.360	0.400	0.304	0.294	0.141	0.271	0.298	0.218	0.601	0.511	0.472	0.401
平均	0.286	0.348	0.385	0.344	0.294	0.339	0.410	0.335	0.283	0.322	0.292	0.263